短

短 U+77ED, 短
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-77ED
← 矬
[U+77EC]
CJK Unified Ideographs 矮 →
[U+77EE]

Translingual

Stroke order
12 strokes

Han character

短 (Kangxi radical 111, 矢+7, 12 strokes, cangjie input 人大一口廿 (OKMRT), four-corner 81418, composition ⿰矢豆)

Derived characters

  • 𢵦, 𬑵, 𫏰, 𥐆, 𥐋, 𥐇, 𥐍, 𧸒, 𥐏, 𪿏, 𬑸, 𥐐, 𥐔, 𬑶, 𥐒, 𥐉

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 824, character 33
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 23978
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1237, character 22
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2584, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+77ED

Chinese

simp. and trad.
短
2nd round simp. 𰦓
alternative forms 𠭴 Min Nan

Glyph origin

Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *toːnʔ) : semantic 矢 + phonetic 豆 (OC *doːs).

Etymology

The Proto-Min reconstructed form is *toiᴮ (Bodman, 1980). The relationship of this to the -n forms in other dialects is unclear and two theories exist:

  • Old Chinese *tˤorʔ divergently developed into (1) *toj in southeastern China, and (2) *ton elsewhere (Baxter and Sagart, 2014). Compare also:
    • 端 (OC *tˤor) vs 瑞 (OC *[d]or-s)
    • 算 (OC *[s]ˤorʔ-s)
    • 卵 (OC *k.rˤorʔ).
  • Proto-Min may represent the original Old Chinese form, and the forms in other Chinese varieties are due to confusion with 斷 (OC *toːnʔ, *toːns, *doːnʔ, “to cut”) (Schuessler, 2007).

STEDT sets up two roots for this: Proto-Sino-Tibetan *t(j)u(ŋ/n) (“short”), whence Burmese တောင်း (taung:, “short (as in garment)”), and *dəw (“short”), whence Burmese တို (tui, “short”), Mizo tawi (“short”).

Pronunciation


Note:
  • dōi - colloquial (“short (of distance)”);
  • duāng - literary (“short; deficient; shortcoming”).

Rime
Character 短
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 端 (5)
Final (韻) 桓 (62)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) I
Fanqie 都管切
Baxter twanX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/tuɑnX/
Pan
Wuyun
/tʷɑnX/
Shao
Rongfen
/tuɑnX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/twanX/
Li
Rong
/tuɑnX/
Wang
Li
/tuɑnX/
Bernard
Karlgren
/tuɑnX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
duǎn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
dyun2
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 短
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
duǎn
Middle
Chinese
‹ twanX ›
Old
Chinese
/*tˁorʔ/
English short

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 短
Reading # 1/1
No. 2480
Phonetic
component
豆
Rime
group
元
Rime
subdivision
3
Corresponding
MC rime
短
Old
Chinese
/*toːnʔ/

Definitions

短

  1. short (of distance)
    Antonym: 長/长
  2. short (of time); brief
  3. (literary or Wu) short (in stature)
  4. deficient; lacking
  5. weakness; shortcoming; mistake
  6. (Mainland China, transitive) to text; to send a text message to

Synonyms

Compounds

  • 一爭長短/一争长短
  • 一較長短/一较长短
  • 一長一短/一长一短 (yīchángyīduǎn)
  • 一長二短/一长二短
  • 一長兩短/一长两短
  • 七長八短/七长八短
  • 三長兩短/三长两短 (sānchángliǎngduǎn)
  • 不短
  • 中短波
  • 五短身材
  • 亡身短命
  • 人窮志短/人穷志短 (rénqióngzhìduǎn)
  • 人窮智短/人穷智短
  • 人貧智短/人贫智短
  • 你長我短/你长我短
  • 修短
  • 前長後短/前长后短
  • 匾短
  • 十個指頭有長短/十个指头有长短
  • 十指有長短/十指有长短
  • 取長補短/取长补短 (qǔchángbǔduǎn)
  • 吃人的嘴軟,拿人的手短/吃人的嘴软,拿人的手短
  • 問長問短/问长问短 (wènchángwènduǎn)
  • 喉長氣短/喉长气短
  • 大風吹倒梧桐樹,自有旁人說短長/大风吹倒梧桐树,自有旁人说短长
  • 家長裡短/家长里短
  • 寸長尺短/寸长尺短
  • 尋短見/寻短见 (xúnduǎnjiàn)
  • 尺有所短,寸有所長/尺有所短,寸有所长 (chǐ yǒu suǒ duǎn, cùn yǒu suǒ cháng)
  • 尺短寸長/尺短寸长
  • 庇短
  • 張家長李家短/张家长李家短
  • 心長髮短/心长发短
  • 志大才短
  • 念短頭經/念短头经
  • 怕長怕短/怕长怕短
  • 惡惡從短/恶恶从短
  • 情長紙短/情长纸短
  • 截短拳
  • 截長補短/截长补短
  • 戳短拳
  • 才短氣粗/才短气粗
  • 手長衣袖短/手长衣袖短
  • 打短 (dǎduǎn)
  • 打短兒/打短儿 (dǎduǎnr)
  • 折長補短/折长补短
  • 拔短梯
  • 拔短籌/拔短筹
  • 拔著短籌/拔著短筹
  • 持人長短/持人长短
  • 指長話短/指长话短
  • 捨短取長/舍短取长
  • 揭短 (jiēduǎn)
  • 揚長避短/扬长避短 (yángchángbìduǎn)
  • 撥火又長,拄門又短/拨火又长,拄门又短
  • 數短論長/数短论长
  • 斷長續短/断长续短
  • 斷長補短/断长补短
  • 旁人短長/旁人短长
  • 春宵苦短
  • 是長是短/是长是短
  • 晝短夜長/昼短夜长
  • 智短
  • 更長夢短/更长梦短
  • 木杓火杖兒短,強如手撥剌/木杓火杖儿短,强如手拨剌
  • 東家長西家短/东家长西家短 (dōngjiā cháng xījiā duǎn)
  • 棄短取長/弃短取长
  • 極短篇/极短篇
  • 毀短/毁短
  • 氣短/气短 (qìduǎn)
  • 汲深綆短/汲深绠短
  • 沒短的/没短的
  • 爭短論長/争短论长
  • 爭長爭短/争长争短
  • 爭長競短/争长竞短
  • 爭長論短/争长论短
  • 理短
  • 當著矮人,別說短話/当著矮人,别说短话
  • 目光短淺/目光短浅 (mùguāngduǎnqiǎn)
  • 目短於自見/目短于自见
  • 眼光短淺/眼光短浅
  • 短不了
  • 短亭
  • 短促 (duǎncù)
  • 短價/短价
  • 短兒/短儿
  • 短兵 (duǎnbīng)
  • 短兵接戰/短兵接战
  • 短兵相接 (duǎnbīngxiāngjiē)
  • 短刀 (duǎndāo)
  • 短劇/短剧
  • 短句
  • 短命 (duǎnmìng)
  • 短命鬼 (duǎnmìngguǐ)
  • 短嘆長吁/短叹长吁
  • 短垣自逾
  • 短壽促命/短寿促命
  • 短小 (duǎnxiǎo)
  • 短小精悍 (duǎnxiǎo jīnghàn)
  • 短少 (duǎnshǎo)
  • 短局
  • 短局促
  • 短工 (duǎngōng)
  • 短平快 (duǎnpíngkuài)
  • 短幸
  • 短序 (duǎnxù)
  • 短後/短后
  • 短戟 (duǎnjǐ)
  • 短打
  • 短折
  • 短接
  • 短撥/短拨
  • 短撅兒/短撅儿
  • 短文 (duǎnwén)
  • 短斤缺兩/短斤缺两
  • 短暫/短暂 (duǎnzàn)
  • 短書/短书
  • 短期 (duǎnqī)
  • 短期投資/短期投资
  • 短槍/短枪 (duǎnqiāng)
  • 短欠
  • 短款
  • 短氣/短气
  • 短波 (duǎnbō)
  • 短波廣播/短波广播
  • 短淺/短浅 (duǎnqiǎn)
  • 短漏
  • 短片 (duǎnpiàn)
  • 短盤/短盘
  • 短票
  • 短視/短视 (duǎnshì)
  • 短視近利/短视近利
  • 短禮/短礼
  • 短秤 (duǎnchèng)
  • 短程 (duǎnchéng)
  • 短笛 (duǎndí)
  • 短筆/短笔
  • 短篇 (duǎnpiān)
  • 短篇小說/短篇小说 (duǎnpiān xiǎoshuō)
  • 短簡/短简
  • 短絀/短绌
  • 短綆汲深/短绠汲深
  • 短線/短线 (duǎnxiàn)
  • 短缺 (duǎnquē)
  • 短處/短处 (duǎnchu)
  • 短行
  • 短衣 (duǎnyī)
  • 短袖 (duǎnxiù)
  • 短裙 (duǎnqún)
  • 短褐
  • 短褐不全
  • 短褐不完
  • 短褲/短裤 (duǎnkù)
  • 短襖/短袄
  • 短見/短见 (duǎnjiàn)
  • 短見薄識/短见薄识
  • 短計/短计
  • 短訊/短讯 (duǎnxùn)
  • 短評/短评 (duǎnpíng)
  • 短話/短话
  • 短語/短语 (duǎnyǔ)
  • 短調/短调
  • 短趁
  • 短跑 (duǎnpǎo)
  • 短路 (duǎnlù)
  • 短途 (duǎntú)
  • 短道兒/短道儿
  • 短遞/短递
  • 短針/短针 (duǎnzhēn)
  • 短長/短长
  • 短長之說/短长之说
  • 短音 (duǎnyīn)
  • 短頭/短头
  • 短髮/短发 (duǎnfà)
  • 種火又長,拄門又短/种火又长,拄门又短
  • 競短爭長/竞短争长
  • 箸長碗短/箸长碗短
  • 簡短/简短 (jiǎnduǎn)
  • 精悍短小
  • 紙短情長/纸短情长
  • 絕長繼短/绝长继短
  • 絕長續短/绝长续短
  • 絕長補短/绝长补短
  • 綆短汲深/绠短汲深
  • 縮短/缩短 (suōduǎn)
  • 缺斤短兩/缺斤短两 (quējīnduǎnliǎng)
  • 自尋短見/自寻短见 (zìxúnduǎnjiàn)
  • 臭短臊長/臭短臊长
  • 舍短取長/舍短取长
  • 舍短從長/舍短从长
  • 舍短用長/舍短用长
  • 舍短錄長/舍短录长
  • 英雄氣短/英雄气短
  • 英雄短氣/英雄短气
  • 虧心短行/亏心短行
  • 虧短/亏短
  • 蜚短流長/蜚短流长 (fēiduǎnliúcháng)
  • 行短
  • 行短才喬/行短才乔
  • 行短才高
  • 補短/补短
  • 見短/见短
  • 見識淺短/见识浅短
  • 計窮智短/计穷智短
  • 訾短
  • 說短論長/说短论长
  • 說短道長/说短道长
  • 說短長/说短长
  • 說長短/说长短
  • 說長說短/说长说短
  • 說長論短/说长论短
  • 說長道短/说长道短 (shuōchángdàoduǎn)
  • 議長論短/议长论短
  • 護短/护短 (hùduǎn)
  • 貨短/货短
  • 超短波 (chāoduǎnbō)
  • 較短量長/较短量长
  • 長亭短亭/长亭短亭
  • 長吁短嘆/长吁短叹 (chángxūduǎntàn)
  • 長痛不如短痛/长痛不如短痛 (cháng tòng bùrú duǎn tòng)
  • 長短/长短 (chángduǎn)
  • 長短不一/长短不一
  • 長短句/长短句 (chángduǎnjù)
  • 長處搯,短處捏/长处搯,短处捏
  • 長話短說/长话短说 (chánghuàduǎnshuō)
  • 長長短短/长长短短
  • 飛流短長/飞流短长
  • 飛短流長/飞短流长
  • 髮短心長/发短心长
  • 鶴長鳧短/鹤长凫短 (hèchángfúduǎn)

References

Japanese

Kanji

短

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. short, brief

Readings

Compounds

Etymology

Kanji in this term
短
たん
Grade: 3
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 短 (twanX, “short”).

Pronunciation

Noun

短(たん) • (tan) 

  1. fault, weak point
  2. (music) minor

Antonyms

References

  1. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

短 (eumhun 짧을 단 (jjalbeul dan))

  1. Hanja form? of 단 (“short”).

Compounds

Vietnamese

Han character

短: Hán Nôm readings: đoản, đuỗn, ngắn, vắn

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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