禦

See also: 御 and 圉

禦	U+79A6, 禦 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-79A6

← 禥
[U+79A5]

CJK Unified Ideographs

禧 →
[U+79A7]

Translingual

Han character

禦 (Kangxi radical 113, 示+11, 16 strokes, cangjie input 竹中一一火 (HLMMF), four-corner 2790₁, composition ⿱御示)

Derived characters

𨯣, 蘌, 籞

Related characters

御 (Simplified form of 禦 in mainland China)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 846, character 23
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24820
Dae Jaweon: page 1267, character 11
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2408, character 3
Unihan data for U+79A6

Chinese

trad.		禦
simp.		御^*

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (午) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
卸	*sŋjaːs
汻	*hŋaːŋʔ
滸	*hŋaːʔ
午	*ŋaːʔ
仵	*ŋaːʔ
旿	*ŋaːʔ
忤	*ŋaːs
迕	*ŋaːs
杵	*ŋ̊ʰjaʔ
籞	*ŋaʔ
蘌	*ŋaʔ
篽	*ŋaʔ
禦	ŋaʔ, ŋas
許	*hŋaʔ
御	*ŋas

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋaʔ, *ŋas) : phonetic 御 (OC *ŋas) + semantic 示.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yù (yu⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄩˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): jyu⁶
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): gīr / gū / gī

(Teochew, Peng'im): ghe⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yù
  - Zhuyin: ㄩˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yù
  - Wade–Giles: yü⁴
  - Yale: yù
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yuh
  - Palladius: юй (juj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /y⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: jyu⁶
  - Yale: yuh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jy⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: yu⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jyː²²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gīr
  - Tâi-lô: gīr
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ɡɯ⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gū
  - Tâi-lô: gū
  - Phofsit Daibuun: gu
  - IPA (Xiamen): /ɡu²²/
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /ɡu³³/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gī
  - Tâi-lô: gī
  - Phofsit Daibuun: gi
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡi²²/
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /ɡi³³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: ghe⁶
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: gṳ̆
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɡɯ³⁵/

Middle Chinese: ngjoX

Rime
Character	禦
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	魚 (22)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	魚巨切
Baxter	ngjoX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ŋɨʌ^X/
Pan Wuyun	/ŋiɔ^X/
Shao Rongfen	/ŋiɔ^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ŋɨə̆^X/
Li Rong	/ŋiɔ^X/
Wang Li	/ŋĭo^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/ŋi̯wo^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yǔ
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jyu⁵

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*m-qʰ(r)aʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*ŋaʔ/, /*ŋas/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	禦
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yù
Middle Chinese	‹ ngjo^X ›
Old Chinese	/*m-qʰ(r)aʔ/
English	ward off, withstand; sacrifice
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	禦	禦
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	13178	13179
Phonetic component	午	午
Rime group	魚	魚
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	語
Old Chinese	/*ŋaʔ/	/*ŋas/

Definitions

禦

to defend, to resist, to hold out against
防禦／防御 ― fángyù ― to defend against

抵禦／抵御 ― dǐyù ― to resist
- 保民而王，莫之能禦也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  保民而王，莫之能御也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Mencius, c. 4^th century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
  Bǎo mín ér wàng, mò zhī néng yù yě. [Pinyin]
  The love and protection of the people; with this there is no power which can prevent a ruler from attaining to it.

Compounds

不憚強禦／不惮强御
不畏強禦／不畏强御
不畏彊禦／不畏强御
不避彊禦／不避强御
備禦／备御 (bèiyù)
共禦外侮／共御外侮
守禦／守御 (shǒuyù)
彊禦／强御
折衝禦侮／折冲御侮
抵禦／抵御 (dǐyù)
捍禦／捍御 (hànyù)
擋禦／挡御
禦侮／御侮 (yùwǔ)
禦寇／御寇
禦寒／御寒 (yùhán)
禦敵／御敌 (yùdí)
防禦／防御 (fángyù)
防禦戰／防御战 (fángyùzhàn)

References

“禦”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

禦

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

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Readings

Go-on: ご (go)
Kan-on: ぎょ (gyo)
Kun: ふせぐ (fusegu, 禦ぐ)

Korean

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

Pronunciation

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ʌ̹]
Phonetic hangul: [어]

Hanja

Wikisource 禦 (eum 어 (eo))

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Vietnamese

Han character

禦: Hán Nôm readings: ngữ, ngừa, ngự

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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