也

See also: せ and ㄝ
也 U+4E5F, 也
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E5F
← 乞
[U+4E5E]
CJK Unified Ideographs 习 →
[U+4E60]

Translingual

Stroke order
3 strokes
Stroke order

Han character

也 (Kangxi radical 5, 乙+2, 3 strokes, cangjie input 心木 (PD), four-corner 44712, composition ⿻乜丨)

Derived characters

Descendants

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 84, character 4
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 171
  • Dae Jaweon: page 170, character 4
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 50, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+4E5F

Chinese

trad. 也
simp. # 也
alternative forms
 
𠃟 ancient
𦫴
𦬀
𠔄
𠃒
𠃟 ancient
𦫴
𦬀
𠔄
𠃒
啊 Wu
叶 Wu
亦 Hokkien

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 也
Spring and Autumn Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts




References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Uncertain. There are various possible explanations:

  • The traditional glyph origin given in Shuowen explains the character to be a pictogram (象形) of female genitalia.
  • It is possibly a pictogram (象形) of an ancient funnel or wash basin. It may be an early form of 匜.
  • It was once interchangeable with 它 and may have originated as a simplification.
  • It may have been created to represent the modal particle (語氣詞/语气词 (yǔqìcí)). In some bronze inscriptions, it appears to be a mouth (口) with a curved line descending from it to represent air coming out of the mouth.
  • It may have signified a big-headed scorpion with its legs flattened, signifying as something very "flat" or "stretched out".

Etymology

classical sentence-ending copulative particle, topic particle

Unclear. Possibly Sino-Tibetan, connectable to Tibetan ལ (la), which is often used as a marker (for oblique locative, dative, possessor in constructions with a copula verb, etc.) but also a topicalizer like ནི (ni, “as for”) (Schuessler, 2007).

On the other hand, Pulleyblank (1995) notes the similarity with anteclassical 唯 (OC *ɢʷi) as a copula and a topicalizer.

also, too, as well

This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

Pronunciation


Note:
  • ǎ - vernacular;
  • iǎ - literary.

Rime
Character 也
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 以 (36)
Final (韻) 麻 (100)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 羊者切
Baxter yaeX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/jiaX/
Pan
Wuyun
/jiaX/
Shao
Rongfen
/iaX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/jiaX/
Li
Rong
/iaX/
Wang
Li
/jĭaX/
Bernard
Karlgren
/i̯aX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
yě
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
je5
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 也
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
yě
Middle
Chinese
‹ yæX ›
Old
Chinese
/*lAjʔ/
English (final particle)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 也
Reading # 1/1
No. 14773
Phonetic
component
也
Rime
group
歌
Rime
subdivision
1
Corresponding
MC rime
野
Old
Chinese
/*laːlʔ/

Definitions

也

  1. also; too; as well; (in negative sentences) neither; either
    我也去了。  ―  Wǒ yě qù le.  ―  I also went.
    我也是中國人。/我也是中国人。  ―  Wǒ yě shì zhōngguórén.  ―  I am Chinese too.
    你如果不去,我也不去。 [MSC, trad. and simp.]
    Nǐ rúguǒ bù qù, wǒ yě bù qù. [Pinyin]
    If you don't go, I won't either.
    我也沒有看見過它。 [MSC, trad.]
    我也没有看见过它。 [MSC, simp.]
    Wǒ yě méiyǒu kànjiàn guò tā. [Pinyin]
    I haven't seen it either.
  2. Used for emphasis.
    這也太不像話了。 [MSC, trad.]
    这也太不像话了。 [MSC, simp.]
    Zhè yě tài bùxiànghuà le. [Pinyin]
    This is way too outrageous.
    1. With object fronting.
      他飯也不吃,覺也不睡。 [MSC, trad.]
      他饭也不吃,觉也不睡。 [MSC, simp.]
      Tā fàn yě bù chī, jiào yě bù shuì. [Pinyin]
      (Disappointingly) he neither eats nor sleeps.
    2. Used in the 連……也……/连……也…… constructions for stronger emphasis. Interchangeable with 都. even
      他連畜生也不如,連自己的父母也不養活。 [MSC, trad.]
      他连畜生也不如,连自己的父母也不养活。 [MSC, simp.]
      Tā lián xùshēng yě bùrú, lián zìjǐ de fùmǔ yě bù yǎnghuó. [Pinyin]
      He is no better than an animal, because he doesn't even support his own parents.
    3. Used in the 再……也…… concessive constructions. still, anyway, nevertheless
      你再聰明,也回答不了這個問題。 [MSC, trad.]
      你再聪明,也回答不了这个问题。 [MSC, simp.]
      Nǐ zài cōngmíng, yě huídá bùliǎo zhè ge wèntí. [Pinyin]
      No matter how smart you are, you won't be able to answer this question.
  3. (Classical) Particle used at the end of copular constructions involving a nominal predicate; to be (although not grammatically a verb)
    我亦人也。 [Literary Chinese]  ―  Wǒ yì rén yě. [Pinyin]  ―  I am a person, too.
    其西有大山,天下至高者也。 [Literary Chinese, trad. and simp.]
    Qí xī yǒu dà shān, tiānxià zhì gāo zhě yě. [Pinyin]
    In the west there are great mountains, which are the tallest in the world.
    1. Often used more loosely than the English copula to indicate a cause or relation.
  4. (Classical) Topic-marking particle used at the end of noun phrases.
    Synonym: 者 (zhě)
    1. when, at the time of; especially commonly used for temporal topics, often as 及其……也.
  5. (Classical) Verb phrase-final particle marking continuous aspect, especially common for assertions of unchanging fact.
  6. (Teochew) if
  7. a surname. Ye

Synonyms

Compounds

Further reading

  • Caboara, Marco (2010) The particle ye 也 and related constructions in the Guodian manuscripts of IV century BCE (PhD)‎, University of Washington

Japanese

Kanji

也

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

  1. to be
  2. (uncommon) also

Readings

As an alternative form of 迆:

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
也
なり
Jinmeiyō
kun’yomi

Glyph origin

Orthographic borrowing from Literary Chinese 也 (yě, copula).

Definitions

For pronunciation and definitions of 也 – see the following entry.
【なり】
[verb] (Classical Japanese or literary) the classical copula “to be”, equivalent to modern Japanese である (de aru) or だ (da), or adjective particle な (na)
[particle] Used when giving an example, without the implication that it might be the best or the only option
[particle] ... or ...
[suffix] (Classical Japanese) A modal auxiliary verb indicating hearsay or conjecture based on what is heard: it sounds like; it is said that
Alternative spellings
𬼂, 𬻿
(This term, 也, is an alternative spelling (terminal form) of the above term.)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
也
また
Jinmeiyō
kun’yomi

Glyph origin

Orthographic borrowing from Mandarin 也 (yě, “also”). Probably an early modern innovation.

Definitions

For pronunciation and definitions of 也 – see the following entry.
【また】
[adverb] again, as well
[conjunction] and, also
Alternative spellings
又, 亦, 復
(This term, 也, is an alternative spelling (literary, uncommon) of the above term.)

Korean

Hanja

也 (eumhun 잇기 야 (itgi ya))

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也 (eumhun 어조사 야 (eojosa ya))

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也 (eumhun 잇달을 야 (itdareul ya))

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Vietnamese

Han character

也: Hán Việt readings: giã, dã
也: Nôm readings: dạ, dã, giã, rã

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

  • Hồ Lê (1976). Bảng Tra Chữ Nôm. Hanoi: Viện Ngôn Ngữ Học.
  • Nguyễn, Quang Hồng (2014). Tự Điển Chữ Nôm Dẫn Giải (Nôm Characters with Quotations and Annotations). Hanoi: Nhà xuất bản Khoa học Xã hội (Social Sciences Publishing House).
  • Williams, Noriko Kurosawa (2010). "The Key to Kanji". Boston: Cheng & Tsui Company, Inc.
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