保

See also: 俣
保 U+4FDD, 保
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4FDD
← 俜
[U+4FDC]
CJK Unified Ideographs 俞 →
[U+4FDE]

Translingual

Stroke order
9 strokes

Han character

保 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+7, 9 strokes, cangjie input 人口木 (ORD), four-corner 26294, composition ⿰亻呆)

Derived characters

Descendants

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 105, character 17
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 702
  • Dae Jaweon: page 222, character 6
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 160, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+4FDD

Chinese

trad. 保
simp. # 保
alternative forms
 
𠈃
𠊻
𠌀
𠍂
𰠀
𠈃
𠊻
𠌀
𠍂
𰠀
㙅
𤞥
𠦀
𠫡
𡥀
𣎼
𤔍
葆

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 保
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script





References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

In the oracle script, this character was an ideogrammic compound (會意/会意) : 人 (“person”) + 子 (“child”) – a person carrying a child on his back; to carry (a child) > to protect.

In early bronze inscriptions, 爪 (“hand”) was added to the person to emphasize that the person was carrying the child. This was later simplified into one or two strokes. The current form has two.

Pronunciation


Note:
  • pó͘ - literary (Quanzhou);
  • pó - vernacular (Quanzhou).
    Note:
    • bao2 - literary;
    • bo2 - vernacular.
      • Wu
        • (Shanghai):
          • Wugniu: 5pau
          • MiniDict: pau去
          • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): 2pau
          • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /pɔ³⁴/

Rime
Character 保
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 幫 (1)
Final (韻) 豪 (89)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 博抱切
Baxter pawX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/pɑuX/
Pan
Wuyun
/pɑuX/
Shao
Rongfen
/pɑuX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/pawX/
Li
Rong
/pɑuX/
Wang
Li
/pɑuX/
Bernard
Karlgren
/pɑuX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
bǎo
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
bou2
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 保
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
bǎo
Middle
Chinese
‹ pawX ›
Old
Chinese
/*pˁuʔ/
English protect

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 保
Reading # 1/1
No. 318
Phonetic
component
保
Rime
group
幽
Rime
subdivision
1
Corresponding
MC rime
寶
Old
Chinese
/*puːʔ/

Definitions

保

  1. to raise; to rear
  2. to keep; to maintain
  3. to protect; to safeguard; to defend
    你要保大還是保小? [MSC, trad.]
    你要保大还是保小? [MSC, simp.]
    Nǐ yào bǎo dà háishì bǎo xiǎo? [Pinyin]
    Do you want to save the mother (“the big one”) or the baby (“the small one”)? (a common line in obstetrics-themed dramas)
  4. to ensure; to guarantee
  5. guarantor
  6. Short for 保釋/保释 (bǎoshì, “to bail”).
  7. (historical) bao (a unit of the ancient administrative system, consisting of some 100 households)
  8. a surname: Bao

Synonyms

  • (to raise):
  • (to keep):
  • (to protect):
  • (to ensure):
  • (guarantor):

Compounds

References

Japanese

Kanji

保

(grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. protection
  2. guarantee

Readings

Compounds

Proper noun

保(たもつ) • (Tamotsu) 

  1. a male given name

Korean

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

Pronunciation

Hanja

Wikisource 保 (eumhun 지킬 보 (jikil bo))

  1. Hanja form? of 보 (“protection”).
  2. Hanja form? of 보 (“guarantee”).

Compounds

Vietnamese

Han character

保: Hán Nôm readings: bảo, bầu, bửu

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

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