索

索 U+7D22, 索
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7D22
← 紡
[U+7D21]
CJK Unified Ideographs 紣 →
[U+7D23]
索 U+F96A, 索
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F96A
← 數
[U+F969]
CJK Compatibility Ideographs 參 →
[U+F96B]

Translingual

Han character

索 (Kangxi radical 120, 糸+4, 10 strokes, cangjie input 十月女戈火 (JBVIF), four-corner 40903, composition ⿳十冖糸)

Derived characters

References

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 索
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Ideogrammic compound (會意/会意) : 糸 (“thread”) + 𣎳 (“strip fibres off a hemp stalk”). Threads (rope) being removed from a fabric.

糸 visually represents the middle interior of the small seal script form, whereas 𣎳 is the three-pointed top part and the left and right lines.

Etymology 1

simp. and trad.
索

From Austroasiatic; compare Proto-Vietic *ɟaːk (“rope”) (> Vietnamese chạc), Mon ဇုက် (“string; cord; rope; lashing; creeper”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation


Note:
  • lhok2-4 - noun;
  • lhok2 - verb.

Rime
Character 索
Reading # 1/3
Initial (聲) 心 (16)
Final (韻) 鐸 (103)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 蘇各切
Baxter sak
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/sɑk̚/
Pan
Wuyun
/sɑk̚/
Shao
Rongfen
/sɑk̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/sak̚/
Li
Rong
/sɑk̚/
Wang
Li
/sɑk̚/
Bernard
Karlgren
/sɑk̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
suo
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
sok3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 索
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
suǒ
Middle
Chinese
‹ sak ›
Old
Chinese
/*[s]ˁak/
English twist a rope

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 索
Reading # 1/3
No. 12191
Phonetic
component
索
Rime
group
鐸
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
索
Old
Chinese
/*slaːɡ/

Definitions

索

  1. rope; cable
  2. (Teochew) to climb; to clamber
  3. (mahjong, regional) bamboo tile
Synonyms

Etymology 2

simp. and trad.
索
alternative forms 𡩡

Ultimately Austroasiatic; compare Khmer ស (sɑɑ, “white; to show something clearly”); cognate with 素 (OC *saːs, “colourless; plain”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation


Note:
  • soh/sak - vernacular;
  • sok/sek - literary.

Rime
Character 索 索
Reading # 2/3 3/3
Initial (聲) 生 (21) 生 (21)
Final (韻) 陌 (115) 麥 (119)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) III II
Fanqie 山戟切 山責切
Baxter srjaek sreak
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ʃˠiæk̚/ /ʃˠɛk̚/
Pan
Wuyun
/ʃᵚiak̚/ /ʃᵚæk̚/
Shao
Rongfen
/ʃiak̚/ /ʃɐk̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ʂiajk̚/ /ʂəɨjk̚/
Li
Rong
/ʃiɐk̚/ /ʃɛk̚/
Wang
Li
/ʃĭɐk̚/ /ʃæk̚/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ʂiɐk̚/ /ʂæk̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
shi she
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
sik1 sak1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 索
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
suǒ
Middle
Chinese
‹ sak ›
Old
Chinese
/*[s]ˁak/
English search (v.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 索 索
Reading # 2/3 3/3
No. 12193 12195
Phonetic
component
索 索
Rime
group
鐸 錫
Rime
subdivision
0 0
Corresponding
MC rime
𡩡 栜
Old
Chinese
/*sraːɡ/ /*sreːɡ/

Definitions

索

  1. to search; to look for; to inquire into
  2. to request; to demand
  3. (literary) alone; solitary
  4. (literary) uninteresting; dull; insipid

Etymology 3

simp. and trad.
索

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation



Rime
Character 索
Reading # 1/3
Initial (聲) 心 (16)
Final (韻) 鐸 (103)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 蘇各切
Baxter sak
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/sɑk̚/
Pan
Wuyun
/sɑk̚/
Shao
Rongfen
/sɑk̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/sak̚/
Li
Rong
/sɑk̚/
Wang
Li
/sɑk̚/
Bernard
Karlgren
/sɑk̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
suo
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
sok3
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 索
Reading # 1/3
No. 12191
Phonetic
component
索
Rime
group
鐸
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
索
Old
Chinese
/*slaːɡ/

Definitions

索

  1. a surname

Etymology 4

simp. and trad.
索
alternative forms 嗍
欶

Pronunciation

Definitions

索

  1. (Cantonese) to absorb
  2. (Cantonese) to sniff; to smell

Etymology 5

simp. and trad.
索

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “From 嗍, 欶?”)

Pronunciation

Definitions

索

  1. (Cantonese, of a female) beautiful; pretty; hot; sexually attractive

Compounds

  • 一索得男 (yīsuǒdénán)
  • 一索成男
  • 一落索
  • 丁娘十索
  • 不假思索 (bùjiǎ-sīsuǒ)
  • 不加思索 (bùjiā-sīsuǒ)
  • 不索
  • 伊索寓言
  • 伸鉤索鐵/伸钩索铁
  • 便索
  • 倒裳索領/倒裳索领
  • 全文檢索/全文检索
  • 八索
  • 八索九丘
  • 冥思苦索 (míngsīkǔsuǒ)
  • 則索/则索
  • 勒索 (lèsuǒ)
  • 原索動物/原索动物
  • 只索
  • 名韁利索/名缰利索
  • 吹毛索疵
  • 國際索償/国际索偿
  • 坐索
  • 培格索斯
  • 外高加索 (Wài Gāojiāsuǒ)
  • 大索
  • 奔車朽索/奔车朽索
  • 套索 (tàosuǒ)
  • 婪索
  • 尋瑕索瘢/寻瑕索瘢
  • 導爆索/导爆索
  • 尾索動物/尾索动物
  • 徽索
  • 思索 (sīsuǒ)
  • 悉索敝賦/悉索敝赋
  • 悉索薄賦/悉索薄赋
  • 意興索然/意兴索然
  • 戎索
  • 戰索索/战索索
  • 拉索
  • 拍索
  • 披索 (pīsuǒ)
  • 披麻帶索/披麻带索
  • 按圖索驥/按图索骥 (àntúsuǒjì)
  • 探奧索隱/探奥索隐
  • 探幽索隱/探幽索隐
  • 探淵索珠/探渊索珠
  • 探索 (tànsuǒ)
  • 推索
  • 探賾索微/探赜索微
  • 探賾索隱/探赜索隐
  • 搜索 (sōusuǒ)
  • 搜索半徑/搜索半径
  • 搜索枯腸/搜索枯肠 (sōusuǒkūcháng)
  • 搜索票
  • 搜索隊/搜索队
  • 搝大索 (khiú-tōa-soh) (Min Nan)
  • 摳摳索索/抠抠索索
  • 摸索 (mōsuǒ)
  • 撲索/扑索
  • 擿埴索塗/擿埴索涂
  • 敲詐勒索/敲诈勒索 (qiāozhàlèsuǒ)
  • 智盡能索/智尽能索
  • 暗中摸索
  • 暌索
  • 木索
  • 枯索 (kūsuǒ)
  • 枯魚銜索/枯鱼衔索
  • 檢索/检索 (jiǎnsuǒ)
  • 比索 (bǐsuǒ)
  • 氣索/气索
  • 求索 (qiúsuǒ)
  • 決裂索性/决裂索性
  • 泛索
  • 沮索
  • 洗垢索瘢
  • 消索
  • 漫天索價/漫天索价
  • 滾肚索/滚肚索
  • 犬馬齒索/犬马齿索
  • 瑟索
  • 百索
  • 知盡能索/知尽能索
  • 索倫/索伦 (Suǒlún)
  • 索債/索债 (suǒzhài)
  • 索價/索价
  • 索利
  • 索取 (suǒqǔ)
  • 索合
  • 索命 (suǒmìng)
  • 索垢尋疵/索垢寻疵
  • 索婦/索妇
  • 索子 (suǒzi)
  • 索寞 (suǒmò)
  • 索居 (suǒjū)
  • 索引 (suǒyǐn)
  • 索強如/索强如
  • 索性
  • 索放
  • 索是
  • 索書號碼/索书号码
  • 索橋/索桥
  • 索欠
  • 索河 (Suǒhé)
  • 索然 (suǒrán)
  • 索然寡味 (suǒránguǎwèi)
  • 索然無味/索然无味 (suǒránwúwèi)
  • 索爾/索尔 (suǒ'ěr)
  • 索盡枯腸/索尽枯肠
  • 索米長安/索米长安
  • 索粉
  • 索索
  • 索羅/索罗
  • 索興/索兴
  • 索落
  • 索薪
  • 索虜/索虏
  • 索討/索讨
  • 索訶/索诃
  • 索賄/索贿 (suǒhuì)
  • 索賠/索赔 (suǒpéi)
  • 索道 (suǒdào)
  • 索隱/索隐
  • 索隱行怪/索隐行怪
  • 索頭/索头
  • 索頭虜/索头虏
  • 索馬利亞/索马利亚 (Suǒmǎlìyà)
  • 索鬧/索闹
  • 索麵/索面
  • 絃索/弦索
  • 絆馬索/绊马索 (bànmǎsuǒ)
  • 絞索/绞索 (jiǎosuǒ)
  • 網路索引/网路索引
  • 線索/线索 (xiànsuǒ)
  • 繩索/绳索 (shéngsuǒ)
  • 脊索 (jǐsuǒ)
  • 脊索動物/脊索动物 (jǐsuǒ dòngwù)
  • 興味索然/兴味索然 (xìngwèisuǒrán)
  • 興致索然/兴致索然
  • 落索
  • 蒱睃摸索
  • 蒐索 (sōusuǒ)
  • 蕭索/萧索 (xiāosuǒ)
  • 衣索比亞/衣索比亚 (Yīsuǒbǐyà)
  • 覓索/觅索
  • 謁索/谒索
  • 貫索/贯索
  • 資料索引/资料索引
  • 資訊檢索/资讯检索
  • 賴索托/赖索托 (Làisuǒtuō)
  • 走索
  • 走繩索/走绳索
  • 跳天索地
  • 跳百索
  • 跳索
  • 跳馬索/跳马索
  • 踩軟索/踩软索
  • 追索 (zhuīsuǒ)
  • 追索權/追索权
  • 連索/连索
  • 郭索
  • 金石索
  • 鉤索/钩索
  • 鉤索羅織/钩索罗织
  • 鋼索/钢索 (gāngsuǒ)
  • 鐵索/铁索
  • 鐵索郎當/铁索郎当
  • 離群索居/离群索居 (líqúnsuǒjū)
  • 雷達搜索/雷达搜索
  • 需索
  • 霍索
  • 頂橦踏索/顶橦踏索
  • 須索/须索
  • 高加索 (Gāojiāsuǒ)
  • 黑克索斯
  • 點索/点索

References

Japanese

Kanji

索

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

  1. string, thread

Readings

Compounds

Korean

Etymology 1

From Middle Chinese 索 (MC srjaek|sreak). Recorded as Middle Korean ᄉᆡᆨ〮 (Yale: sóyk) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.

Pronunciation

  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [sʰɛk̚] ~ [sʰe̞k̚]
  • Phonetic hangul: [색/섹]

Hanja

Wikisource 索 (eumhun 찾을 색 (chajeul saek))

  1. Hanja form? of 색 (“to search”).
  2. Hanja form? of 색 (“to request; to demand”).
  3. Hanja form? of 색 (“to inquire”).

Compounds

Etymology 2

From Middle Chinese 索 (MC sak). Recorded as Middle Korean 삭〮 (sák) (Yale: sák) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Pronunciation

Hanja

索 (eumhun 노 삭 (no sak))

  1. Hanja form? of 삭 (“rope; cable”).

Compounds

References

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典.

Vietnamese

Chữ Hán

索: Hán Nôm readings: sách, tác, xách

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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