-sz

See also: sz, SZ, .sz, and sz.

Hungarian

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): [s]

Suffix

-sz

  1. (personal suffix) Forms the second-person singular present tense of verbs (indicative mood, indefinite conjugation).
    ‎tud (“can”) + ‎-sz → ‎tudsz (“you can”)
    Tudsz segíteni? ― Can you help?
  2. (obsolete frequentative verb-forming suffix) It was later reinterpreted as a present-tense marker, and eventually as a part of the stem.[1] Sometimes it is one of several suffixes, such as in -szik and in -szkodik​/​-aszkodik​/​-eszkedik (qq.v.).[1] Its frequentative sense is still perceptible in verbs suffixed with -ászik​/​-észik.[1]
    Individual verbs: metsz (“to cut, incise”), uszít (“to instigate”), vonszol (“to drag/lug”), edz (et + sz) (“to train/harden”) etc.
    sz-inserting v-stem verbs: tesz (“to do; to put”), lesz (“to become; will be”), vesz (“to take/get”), visz (“to take/carry”), hisz (“to believe”), eszik (“to eat”), iszik (“to drink”), alszik (“to sleep”), fekszik (“to lie/recline”), nyugszik (“to rest/repose”)
  3. (nominal-forming suffix) See -asz/-esz.

Usage notes
    Present tense indefinite – personal suffixes
Person Back
    vowel    		 Front vowel
unrounded   rounded  
én 1st person singular -ok -ek -ök
-ik verbs (optional) -om -em -öm
te 2nd person singular Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)
after two consonants or a long vowel + t -asz -esz
after s, sz, z, dz -ol -el -öl
ő
maga
ön		 3rd person singular –
-ik verbs -ik
mi 1st person plural -unk -ünk
ti 2nd person plural -tok -tek -tök
after two consonants or a long vowel + t -otok -etek -ötök
ők
maguk
önök		 3rd person plural -nak -nek
after two consonants or a long vowel + t -anak -enek
See also: present-tense definite-object suffixes and
second-person-object suffixes for informal addressing.
  • (personal suffix) Variants:
    Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value) added to verbs not in the categories listed below
    ‎vár (“to wait”) + ‎-sz → ‎vársz (“you wait, you are waiting”)
    -asz added to back-vowel verbs ending in two consonants or -ít
    ‎hall (“to hear”) + ‎-asz → ‎hallasz (“you hear, you are hearing”)
    ‎tanít (“to teach”) + ‎-asz → ‎tanítasz (“you teach, you are teaching”)
    -esz added to front-vowel verbs ending in two consonants or -ít
    ‎dönt (“to decide”) + ‎-esz → ‎döntesz (“you decide, you are deciding”)
    ‎segít (“to help”) + ‎-esz → ‎segítesz (“you help, you are helping”)
    -ol added to back-vowel verbs ending in s, sz, z, dz
    ‎olvas (“to read”) + ‎-ol → ‎olvasol (“you read, you are reading”)
    -el added to unrounded front-vowel verbs ending in s, sz, z, dz
    ‎vesz (“to buy”) + ‎-el → ‎veszel (“you buy, you are buying”)
    -öl added to rounded front-vowel verbs ending in s, sz, z, dz
    ‎főz (“to cook”) + ‎-öl → ‎főzöl (“you cook, you are cooking”)

References
  1. -sz in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN.  (See also its 2nd edition.)
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