-unk

See also: unk, unk., and -ünk

Hungarian

Etymology

From Proto-Uralic *-mVk (“our one possession”) or Proto-Uralic *-n-mVk (“our multiple possessions”). Cognate with Moksha -нк (-nk, “our one or multiple possessions”).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): [uŋk]
  • Rhymes: -uŋk

Suffix

-unk

  1. (personal suffix) Forms the first-person plural present tense of verbs (indicative mood, indefinite conjugation).
    ‎tanul (“to study”) + ‎-unk → ‎tanulunk (“we study, we are studying”)
  2. (possessive suffix) our (first-person plural, single possession)
    ‎ház (“house”) + ‎-unk → ‎házunk (“our house”)
  3. (personal-pronoun suffix) of us (appended to a numeral or a pronoun)
    ‎három (“three”) + ‎-unk → ‎hármunk (“the three of us”)
    ‎másik (“other”) + ‎-unk → ‎másikunk (“the other (of us)”)
    Az egyikünk nappal alszik, a másikunk éjszaka. ― One of us sleeps during the day, the other at night.

Usage notes
  • (personal suffix) Variants:
    -unk is added to back-vowel verbs
    -ünk is added to front-vowel verbs
    Present tense indefinite – personal suffixes
Person Back
    vowel    		 Front vowel
unrounded   rounded  
én 1st person singular -ok -ek -ök
-ik verbs (optional) -om -em -öm
te 2nd person singular -sz
after two consonants or a long vowel + t -asz -esz
after s, sz, z, dz -ol -el -öl
ő
maga
ön		 3rd person singular –
-ik verbs -ik
mi 1st person plural -unk -ünk
ti 2nd person plural -tok -tek -tök
after two consonants or a long vowel + t -otok -etek -ötök
ők
maguk
önök		 3rd person plural -nak -nek
after two consonants or a long vowel + t -anak -enek
See also: present-tense definite-object suffixes and
second-person-object suffixes for informal addressing.
  • (possessive suffix) Variants:
    -nk is added to words ending in a vowel. Final -a changes to -á-. Final -e changes to -é-.
    -unk is added to back-vowel words ending in a consonant
    -ünk is added to front-vowel words ending in a consonant
    Possessive suffixes
Person Single possession Plural possession
én 1st person singular -m/-om/-am/-em/-öm -im/-aim/-eim/-jaim/-jeim
te 2nd person singular -d/-od/-ad/-ed/-öd -id/-aid/-eid/-jaid/-jeid
ő
maga
ön		 3rd person singular -a/-e/-ja/-je -i/-ai/-ei/-jai/-jei
mi 1st person plural -nk/-unk/-ünk -ink/-aink/-eink/-jaink/-jeink
ti 2nd person plural -tok/-tek/-tök/-otok/-atok/-etek/-ötök -itok/-itek/-aitok/-eitek/-jaitok/-jeitek
ők
maguk
önök		 3rd person plural -uk/-ük/-juk/-jük -ik/-aik/-eik/-jaik/-jeik
  • (personal-pronoun suffix) Variants:
    -nk is added to words ending in a vowel. Final -a changes to -á-. Final -e changes to -é-.
    -unk is added to back-vowel words ending in a consonant
    -ünk is added to front-vowel words ending in a consonant
    -ónk a variant of -unk
    -őnk a variant of -ünk
    Personal-pronoun suffixes
Person Suffixes
én 1st person singular –
te 2nd person singular –
ő
maga
ön		 3rd person singular -a/-e/-ja/-je
mi 1st person plural -nk/-unk/-ünk/-ónk/-őnk
ti 2nd person plural -tok/-tek/-tök/-otok/-atok/-etek/-ötök/-ótok/-őtök
ők
maguk
önök		 3rd person plural -uk/-ük/-juk/-jük/-ójuk/-őjük

Declension

(possessive suffix and personal-pronoun suffix):

Inflection (stem in -a-, back harmony)
singular plural
nominative -unk —
accusative -unkat —
dative -unknak —
instrumental -unkkal —
causal-final -unkért —
translative -unkká —
terminative -unkig —
essive-formal -unkként —
essive-modal -unkul —
inessive -unkban —
superessive -unkon —
adessive -unknál —
illative -unkba —
sublative -unkra —
allative -unkhoz —
elative -unkból —
delative -unkról —
ablative -unktól —
non-attributive
possessive - singular		 -unké —
non-attributive
possessive - plural		 -unkéi —

See also
  • Category:Hungarian noun forms
  • Appendix:Hungarian possessive suffixes
  • Appendix:Hungarian suffixes
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