勢

See also: 势
勢 U+52E2, 勢
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-52E2
← 勡
[U+52E1] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 勣 →
[U+52E3]

Translingual

Han character

勢 (Kangxi radical 19, 力+11, 13 strokes, cangjie input 土戈大尸 (GIKS), four-corner 45427, composition ⿱埶力)

Derived characters
  • 𫸾, 𫉥

References
  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 149, character 4
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2422
  • Dae Jaweon: page 336, character 11
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 377, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+52E2

Chinese
trad. 勢
simp. 势
alternative forms 埶
㔟
𫝑／势

Glyph origin
Characters in the same phonetic series (埶) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
褹 *ŋr'eːds, *ŋeds
勢 *hŋjeds
藝 *ŋeds
囈 *ŋeds
埶 *ŋeds
蓺 *ŋeds
槸 *ŋeds
爇 *ŋʷjed
褻 *sŋed
暬 *sŋed
熱 *ŋjed
槷 *ŋeːd

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *hŋjeds) : phonetic 埶 (OC *ŋeds) + semantic 力 (“power”).

Etymology

Nominalisation of 設 (OC *ŋ̊et, “to set up”), i.e. “that which is set up” (Schuessler, 2007; Baxter and Sagart, 2014). Compare the following quote from Han Feizi:

吾所為言勢者，言人之所設也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
吾所为言势者，言人之所设也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
From: Han Feizi, circa 2nd century BCE
Wú suǒ wéi yán shì zhě, yán rén zhī suǒ shè yě. [Pinyin]
The setup (*ŋ̊et-s) of which I am speaking refers to what is set up (*ŋ̊et) by men.

Pronunciation

Note:
  • sè - literary;
  • sì - vernacular.
Rime
Character 勢
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 書 (26)
Final (韻) 祭 (35)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 舒制切
Baxter syejH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ɕiᴇiH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ɕiɛiH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ɕjæiH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ɕiajH/
Li
Rong		 /ɕiɛiH/
Wang
Li		 /ɕĭɛiH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ɕi̯ɛiH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 shì
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 sai3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 勢
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 shì
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ syejH ›
Old
Chinese		 /*ŋ̊et-s/
English circumstances, setting

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 勢
Reading # 1/1
No. 15089
Phonetic
component		 埶
Rime
group		 祭
Rime
subdivision		 2
Corresponding
MC rime		 丗
Old
Chinese		 /*hŋjeds/

Definitions

勢

  1. power; force; momentum; influence; authority
  2. outward appearance of something
  3. posture; position; pose; bearing
  4. situation; circumstances; conditions
  5. tendency; trend
  6. male genitals
    去勢／去势  ―  qùshì  ―  to castrate
  7. (set theory, of a set) cardinality
  8. (physics, mathematics) potential
  9. (Eastern Min, Southern Min) Suffix for locality noun.

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji
勢

(grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. forces
  2. energy
  3. military strength

Readings

Compounds

Etymology
Kanji in this term
勢
せい
Grade: 5
on’yomi

Derived from Middle Chinese 勢 (MC syejH).

Pronunciation

Noun

勢(せい) • (sei) ←せい (sei)?

  1. force

Suffix

勢(せい) • (-sei) ←せい (sei)?

  1. group of people with a common trait
    海(かい)外(がい)勢(せい)
    kaigai-sei
    overseas fanbase
    C(シー)D(ディー)勢(せい)
    shīdī-sei
    the type of person who prefers to purchase CDs

References
  1. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

勢 (eumhun 형세 세 (hyeongse se))

  1. Hanja form? of 세 (“force”).

Vietnamese

Han character

勢: Hán Nôm readings: thế, thể

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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