愚

愚 U+611A, 愚
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-611A
← 愙
[U+6119]
CJK Unified Ideographs 愛 →
[U+611B]

Translingual

Han character

愚 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+9, 13 strokes, cangjie input 田月心 (WBP), four-corner 60332, composition ⿱禺心)

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 395, character 12
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10946
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2321, character 7
  • Unihan data for U+611A

Chinese

trad. 愚
simp. # 愚

Glyph origin

Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *ŋo) : phonetic 禺 (OC *ŋo, *ŋos) + semantic 心 (“heart”) – stupid.

Pronunciation


Note:
  • ngṳ̀ - literary;
  • kṳ̀ - vernacular.

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 愚
Mandarin Beijing /y³⁵/
Harbin /y⁴⁴/
Tianjin /y⁴⁵/
Jinan /y²¹³/
Qingdao /y²¹³/
Zhengzhou /y⁴²/
Xi'an /y²⁴/
Xining /y²⁴/
Yinchuan /y⁵³/
Lanzhou /y¹³/
Ürümqi /y²¹³/
Wuhan /y²¹³/
Chengdu /y³¹/
Guiyang /i²¹/
Kunming /i³¹/
Nanjing /y²⁴/
Hefei /zz̩ʷ⁵⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /y¹¹/
Pingyao /y¹³/
Hohhot /y³¹/
Wu Shanghai /ȵy²³/
Suzhou /ȵy¹³/
Hangzhou /ɦz̩ʷ²¹³/
Wenzhou /ȵy³¹/
Hui Shexian /ny⁴⁴/
Tunxi /y⁴⁴/
Xiang Changsha /y¹³/
Xiangtan /y¹²/
Gan Nanchang
Hakka Meixian /ŋi¹¹/
Taoyuan /ŋi²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /jy²¹/
Nanning /y²¹/
Hong Kong /jy²¹/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /gu³⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /ŋy⁵³/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /ŋy⁴⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /ŋõ⁵⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /zi³¹/
/ŋai³¹/ 訓獃

Rime
Character 愚
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 疑 (31)
Final (韻) 虞 (24)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) III
Fanqie 虞俱切
Baxter ngju
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ŋɨo/
Pan
Wuyun
/ŋio/
Shao
Rongfen
/ŋio/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ŋuə̆/
Li
Rong
/ŋio/
Wang
Li
/ŋĭu/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ŋi̯u/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
yú
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
jyu4
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 愚
Reading # 1/1
No. 15919
Phonetic
component
禺
Rime
group
侯
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*ŋo/

Definitions

愚

  1. foolish; stupid
  2. to fool; to dupe
  3. (humble) I

Synonyms

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (愚):
  • → Japanese: 愚(ぐ) (gu)
  • → Korean: 우(愚) (u)
  • → Vietnamese: ngu (愚)

Others:

  • → Lao: ໂງ່ (ngō)
  • → Thai: โง่ (ngôo, “ignorant; stupid; unintelligent”)

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

愚

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

  1. bullshit
  2. foolish
  3. absurdity
  4. stupid

Readings

Compounds

Etymology

Kanji in this term
愚
ぐ
Grade: S
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 愚 (MC ngju).

Pronunciation

Adjective

愚(ぐ) • (gu) -na (adnominal 愚(ぐ)な (gu na), adverbial 愚(ぐ)に (gu ni))

  1. foolish
    Synonym: 愚か (oroka)

Inflection

Noun

愚(ぐ) • (gu) 

  1. foolishness, folly
    • 1900, 田中正造, 亡國に至るを知らざれば之れ即ち亡國の儀に付質問‎, 青空文庫:
      […] 己(おのれ)の愚(ぐ)を知(し)れば則(すなは)ち愚(ぐ)にあらず、己(おのれ)の愚(ぐ)なることを知(し)らなければ是(これ)が眞(しん)の愚(ぐ)である。
      […] onore no gu o shireba sunawachi gu ni arazu, onore no gu naru koto o shiranakereba kore ga shin no gu de aru.
      […] if you know your own foolishness, then you are not foolish. If you do not know that you are foolish, this is true foolishness.

Derived terms

  • 愚(ぐ)にも付(つ)かぬ (gu ni mo tsukanu)
  • 愚(ぐ)に返(かえ)る (gu ni kaeru)
  • 愚(ぐ)の骨頂(こっちょう) (gu no kotchō)

Pronoun

愚(ぐ) • (gu) 

  1. (humble) I, me

Korean

Hanja

愚 • (u) (hangeul 우, revised u, McCune–Reischauer u, Yale wu)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Adjective

愚 • (ngu)

  1. stupid; doltish; foolish
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