嘔

See also: 呕

嘔	U+5614, 嘔 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5614

← 嘓
[U+5613]

CJK Unified Ideographs

嘕 →
[U+5615]

Translingual

Han character

嘔 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+11, 14 strokes, cangjie input 口尸口口 (RSRR), four-corner 6101₆, composition ⿰口區)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 206, character 4

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 4200

Dae Jaweon: page 429, character 2

Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 674, character 12

Unihan data for U+5614

Chinese

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (區) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
摳	kʰoː, kʰo
彄	*kʰoː
剾	kʰoː, qoː
謳	*qoː
歐	qoː, qoːʔ
區	qoː, kʰo
鷗	*qoː
甌	*qoː
漚	qoː, qoːs
瞘	*qoː
嘔	qoː, qoːʔ
櫙	*qoː
膒	*qoː
蓲	qoː, kʰu, qo, qos
醧	qoː, qas
鏂	*qoː
毆	*qoːʔ
塸	*qoːʔ
貙	*kʰl'o
樞	*kʰjo
驅	kʰo, kʰos
軀	*kʰo
嶇	*kʰo
鰸	*kʰo
敺	*kʰo
傴	*qoʔ
嫗	*qos
饇	*qos

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qoː, *qoːʔ) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 區 (OC *qoː, *kʰo).

Etymology 1

trad.		嘔
simp.		呕
alternative forms		歐 original form 𠴰㰶𣢨𧖼

Ultimately onomatopoeic (Schuessler, 2007).

STEDT derives this from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ʔaw (“to vomit”), comparing it to Burmese အော့ (au.).

Alternatively, it may be cognate with Tibetan སྐྱུག (skyug) (Schuessler, 2007) and Japhug qioʁ (Zhang, Jacques, and Lai, 2019).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): ǒu (ou³)

(Zhuyin): ㄡˇ
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): au²

(Taishan, Wiktionary): eu²
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): éu
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): áu / ó͘ / ió

(Teochew, Peng'im): ao²
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ⁵eu

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: ǒu
  - Zhuyin: ㄡˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: ǒu
  - Wade–Giles: ou³
  - Yale: ǒu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: oou
  - Palladius: оу (ou)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ˀoʊ̯²¹⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: au²
  - Yale: áu
  - Cantonese Pinyin: au²
  - Guangdong Romanization: eo²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɐu̯³⁵/

Note: The zero initial /∅-/ is commonly pronounced with a ng-initial /ŋ-/ in some varieties of Cantonese, including Hong Kong Cantonese.

- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: eu²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /eu⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: éu
  - Hakka Romanization System: eu`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: eu³
  - Sinological IPA: /eu̯³¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: áu
  - Tâi-lô: áu
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ao
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /au⁵³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /au⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /au⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ó͘
  - Tâi-lô: óo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: or
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /ɔ⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɔ⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ió
  - Tâi-lô: ió
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ioir
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /io⁵⁵⁴/

Note: áu - vernacular, ó͘/ió - literary.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: ao²
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: áu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /au⁵²/
Wu
- (Shanghai):
  - Wugniu: ⁵eu
  - MiniDict: eu^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²eu
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɤ³⁴/

Middle Chinese: 'uwX

Rime
Character	嘔
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	影 (34)
Final (韻)	侯 (137)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	烏后切
Baxter	'uwX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʔəu^X/
Pan Wuyun	/ʔəu^X/
Shao Rongfen	/ʔəu^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʔəw^X/
Li Rong	/ʔu^X/
Wang Li	/əu^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʔə̯u^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	ǒu
Expected Cantonese Reflex	au²

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*qˤ(r)oʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*qoːʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	嘔
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	ǒu
Middle Chinese	‹ ʔuw^X ›
Old Chinese	/*qˁ(r)oʔ/
English	vomit
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	嘔
Reading #	2/2
No.	10596
Phonetic component	區
Rime group	侯
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	歐
Old Chinese	/*qoːʔ/

Definitions

嘔

to vomit

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 嘔吐 (“to vomit”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		嘔吐
Mandarin	Beijing	吐
	Taiwan	吐
	Tianjin	吐
	Chengde	吐
	Tangshan	吐
	Cangzhou	吐
	Baoding	吐, 噦
	Shijiazhuang	吐
	Chifeng	吐
	Hulunbuir (Hailar)	吐
	Heihe	吐
	Qiqihar	吐
	Harbin	吐, 噦
	Jiamusi	吐
	Baicheng	吐
	Changchun	吐
	Tonghua	吐
	Shenyang	吐, 噦
	Dandong	吐, 噦, 嘔
	Jinzhou	吐, 噦
	Dalian	吐
	Yantai	嘔
	Yantai (Muping)	嘔
	Qingdao	吐, 嘔
	Lijin	吐
	Zhucheng	嘔
	Jinan	吐, 噦
	Jining	噦
	Wanrong	吐
	Shangqiu	吐, 噦
	Yuanyang	吐, 噦
	Zhengzhou	噦
	Lingbao	吐, 噦
	Xinyang	吐
	Baihe	吐
	Hanzhong	吐, 噦
	Xi'an	吐
	Baoji	吐
	Yinchuan	吐
	Tianshui	嘔
	Lanzhou	吐
	Dunhuang	吐
	Xining	吐
	Hami	吐
	Ürümqi	吐, 噦
	Wuhan	吐, 嘔, 哇
	Yichang	吐
	Xiangyang	吐
	Tianmen	吐
	Hong'an	吐, 噦
	Chengdu	吐, 發吐, 嘔吐
	Nanchong	吐
	Dazhou	吐
	Hanyuan	吐
	Xichang	吐, 嘔吐
	Zigong	吐
	Chongqing	噦, 吐
	Guiyang	吐
	Zunyi	嘔
	Bijie	吐
	Liping	吐, 噦
	Zhaotong	吐
	Dali	吐
	Kunming	吐
Mengzi	吐
Guilin	吐
Liuzhou	吐
Jishou	嘔
Changde	嘔
Anqing	吐
Xuzhou	吐, 噦
Fuyang	吐, 噦
Wuhu	吐
Yangzhou	吐, 噁
Lianyungang	吐
Lianshui	噦
Nanjing	吐, 噁
Hefei	噁
Nantong	嘔
Singapore	吐
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan)	噁
Cantonese	Guangzhou	嘔
	Hong Kong	嘔
	Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)	嘔
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)	嘔
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	嘔
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	嘔
	Macau	嘔
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	嘔
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	嘔
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	嘔
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	嘔
	Foshan	嘔
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	嘔
	Foshan (Shunde)	嘔
	Foshan (Sanshui)	嘔
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	嘔
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	嘔
	Zhuhai (Qianshan)	嘔
	Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka)	嘔
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	嘔
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	嘔
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	嘔
	Taishan	嘔
	Kaiping (Chikan)	嘔
	Enping (Niujiang)	嘔
	Heshan (Yayao)	嘔
	Dongguan	嘔
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	嘔
	Yangjiang	嘔
	Nanning	嘔
	Wuzhou	嘔
	Yulin	發嘔
	Hepu (Lianzhou)	嘔
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	嘔
	Singapore (Guangfu)	嘔
	Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)	嘔
Gan	Nanchang	嘔
	Lichuan	吐
	Pingxiang	嘔, 吐
Hakka	Meixian	嘔, 翻
	Xingning	翻, 噁
	Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)	嘔
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	嘔
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	發嘔
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	嘔
	Conghua (Lütian)	嘔
	Yudu	嘔
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	嘔, 翻, 翻肚
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	嘔, 翻, 翻肚
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	嘔, 翻, 翻肚
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	噁, 翻, 翻肚
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	嘔, 翻, 翻肚
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	吐, 貶腹
	Luchuan (Daqiao)	吐
	Senai (Huiyang)	嘔
Huizhou	Jixi	吐
Huizhou	Shexian	吐
Jin	Taiyuan	吐
	Yangyuan	吐
	Datong	吐
	Xinzhou	吐
	Lishi	吐
	Linfen	吐
	Changzhi	吐
	Linhe	吐
	Jining	吐
	Hohhot	吐
	Erenhot	吐
	Pingshan	噦
	Zhangjiakou	吐
	Handan	吐
	Linzhou	嘔吐
	Suide	吐
Northern Min	Jian'ou	吐, 哊
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	吐, 嘔, 哊, 嘔吐
Eastern Min	Fuqing	吐
Southern Min	Xiamen	吐, 噁
	Quanzhou	吐, 噁
	Zhangzhou	吐, 噁
	Dongshan	吐
	Tainan	吐, 掠兔仔, 出酒 due to drunkenness
	Singapore (Hokkien)	吐
	Manila (Hokkien)	吐
	Zhangping (Yongfu)	發吐
	Pingnan (Shangdu)	嘔
	Chaozhou	吐
	Shantou	吐, 嘔, 嘔噦
	Shantou (Chenghai)	吐, 嘔
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	吐
	Leizhou	吐
	Wenchang	吐
	Haikou	吐
	Singapore (Hainanese)	吐
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	噦, 嘔
Northern Pinghua	Guilin (Dahe)	吐
Wu	Shanghai	嘔
	Shanghai (Chongming)	嘔
	Suzhou	嘔
	Danyang	吐
	Hangzhou	冒
	Ningbo	冒
	Wenzhou	吐
	Jinhua	吐
Xiang	Changsha	嘔
	Shuangfeng	嘔
	Quanzhou	嘔

Compounds

乾嘔／干呕 (gān'ǒu)
作嘔／作呕 (zuò'ǒu)
嘔吐／呕吐 (ǒutù)
嘔心／呕心 (ǒuxīn)
嘔心吐膽／呕心吐胆
嘔心瀝血／呕心沥血 (ǒuxīnlìxuè)
嘔心絞腦／呕心绞脑
嘔心血／呕心血
嘔血／呕血 (ǒuxuè)
嘔逆／呕逆
噎嘔／噎呕
屙嘔／屙呕
止嘔／止呕

Etymology 2

trad.		嘔
simp.		呕

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): ōu (ou¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄡ
Cantonese (Jyutping): au¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: ōu
  - Zhuyin: ㄡ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: ou
  - Wade–Giles: ou¹
  - Yale: ōu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ou
  - Palladius: оу (ou)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ˀoʊ̯⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: au¹
  - Yale: āu
  - Cantonese Pinyin: au¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: eo¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɐu̯⁵⁵/

Note: The zero initial /∅-/ is commonly pronounced with a ng-initial /ŋ-/ in some varieties of Cantonese, including Hong Kong Cantonese.

Middle Chinese: 'uw

Rime
Character	嘔
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	影 (34)
Final (韻)	侯 (137)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	烏侯切
Baxter	'uw
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʔəu/
Pan Wuyun	/ʔəu/
Shao Rongfen	/ʔəu/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʔəw/
Li Rong	/ʔu/
Wang Li	/əu/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʔə̯u/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	ōu
Expected Cantonese Reflex	au¹

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*qoː/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	嘔
Reading #	1/2
No.	10589
Phonetic component	區
Rime group	侯
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	謳
Old Chinese	/*qoː/
Notes	見荀子

Definitions

嘔

Alternative form of 謳／讴 (ōu, “to sing”)
(onomatopoeia) Used to describe orchestral music, cooing, etc.

string instrument or wind instrument sound
wheel-rolling sound
scull-rowing sound

Compounds

嘔唲／呕唲
嘔啞／呕哑
嘔嘔啞啞／呕呕哑哑
嘔嘔學語／呕呕学语
嘔嘔管弦／呕呕管弦
嘔笑／呕笑

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): òu (ou⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄡˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): au²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: òu
  - Zhuyin: ㄡˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: òu
  - Wade–Giles: ou⁴
  - Yale: òu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ow
  - Palladius: оу (ou)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ˀoʊ̯⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: au²
  - Yale: áu
  - Cantonese Pinyin: au²
  - Guangdong Romanization: eo²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɐu̯³⁵/

Note: The zero initial /∅-/ is commonly pronounced with a ng-initial /ŋ-/ in some varieties of Cantonese, including Hong Kong Cantonese.

Definitions

嘔

to make someone angry
to become angry

Compounds

嘔氣／呕气

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): xū (xu¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄒㄩ
Cantonese (Jyutping): heoi¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: xū
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄩ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: syu
  - Wade–Giles: hsü¹
  - Yale: syū
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiu
  - Palladius: сюй (sjuj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕy⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: heoi¹
  - Yale: hēui
  - Cantonese Pinyin: hoey¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: hêu¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɵy̯⁵⁵/

Definitions

嘔

(literary) affable; kind
(literary) to exhale air to warm something up

Compounds

嘔咐／呕咐
嘔喻／呕喻
嘔嘔／呕呕
嗷嗷嘔嘔／嗷嗷呕呕

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): chū (chu¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄔㄨ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: chū
  - Zhuyin: ㄔㄨ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: chu
  - Wade–Giles: chʻu¹
  - Yale: chū
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chu
  - Palladius: чу (ču)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵⁵/

Definitions

嘔

(obsolete) the sound of anger

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): ou (ou⁵／ou⁰)

(Zhuyin): ˙ㄡ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: ou
  - Zhuyin: ˙ㄡ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: o̊u
  - Wade–Giles: ou⁵
  - Yale: ou
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: .ou
  - Palladius: оу (ou)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ˀoʊ̯/

Definitions

嘔

An informal greeting.

References

Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A00666
Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A02062-002-1
“嘔”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Shinjitai (extended)	呕
Kyūjitai	嘔

Kanji

嘔

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 呕)

vomit

Readings

Go-on: う (u); く (ku)
Kan-on: おう (ō); く (ku)
Kun: うたう (utau, 嘔う)^{←うたふ (utafu, 嘔ふ, historical)}; はく (haku, 嘔く)

Definitions

For pronunciation and definitions of 嘔 – see the following entry: 呕

(The following entry is uncreated: 呕.)

Korean

Hanja

嘔 • (gu, hu) (hangeul 구, 후, revised gu, hu, McCune–Reischauer ku, hu)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Tày

Han character

嘔 (transliteration needed)

Nôm form of khua.

References

Lục Văn Pảo, Hoàng Tuấn Nam (2003) Hoàng Triều Ân, editor, Từ điển chữ Nôm Tày [A Dictionary of (chữ) Nôm Tày]‎ (in Vietnamese), Hanoi: Nhà xuất bản Khoa học Xã hội

Vietnamese

Han character

嘔: Hán Nôm readings: ẩu, xua, ẫu

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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