國門

Chinese

		country; state; nation	opening; door; gate opening; door; gate; doorway; gateway; valve; switch; way to do something; knack; family; house; (religious) sect; school (of thought); class; category; (taxonomy) phylum or division
trad. (國門)		國	門
simp. (国门)		国	门

國門 (1)

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): guómén

(Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄣˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gwok³ mun⁴
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kok-mn̂g

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: guómén
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄣˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: guómén
  - Wade–Giles: kuo²-mên²
  - Yale: gwó-mén
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gwomen
  - Palladius: гомэнь (gomɛnʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ku̯ɔ³⁵ mən³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: gwok³ mun⁴
  - Yale: gwok mùhn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gwok⁸ mun⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: guog³ mun⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʷɔːk̚³ muːn²¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kok-mn̂g
  - Tâi-lô: kok-mn̂g
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kokmngg
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ mŋ̍²⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ mŋ̍²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kɔk̚³²⁻⁵ mŋ̍¹³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ mŋ̍²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ mŋ̍²³/

Middle Chinese: kwok mwon

Rime
Character	國	門
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	登 (132)	魂 (55)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Closed
Division (等)	I	I
Fanqie	古或切	莫奔切
Baxter	kwok	mwon
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kwək̚/	/muən/
Pan Wuyun	/kʷək̚/	/muon/
Shao Rongfen	/kuək̚/	/muən/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kwək̚/	/mwən/
Li Rong	/kuək̚/	/muən/
Wang Li	/kuək̚/	/muən/
Bernard Karlgren	/kwək̚/	/muən/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	guo	mén
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gwak¹	mun⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[C.q]ʷˤək mˤə[r]/

(Zhengzhang): /*kʷɯːɡ mɯːn/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	國	門
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	guó	mén
Middle Chinese	‹ kwok ›	‹ mwon ›
Old Chinese	/*[C.q]ʷˁək/	/*mˁə[r]/
English	state (n.)	gate, door
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	國	門
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	5547	8960
Phonetic component	或	門
Rime group	職	文
Rime subdivision	0	1
Corresponding MC rime	國	門
Old Chinese	/*kʷɯːɡ/	/*mɯːn/

Noun

國門

(literal, figurative) entry into a country via its border
禦敵於國門之外／御敌于国门之外 ― yùdí yú guómén zhī wài ― to keep the enemy out of the country border
(Classical) gate of a capital

Synonyms

(entry into a country via its border): 國境／国境 (guójìng)

Proper noun

國門

(～社區) Guomen (a residential community in Mengmao, Ruili, Dehong prefecture, Yunnan, China, actually governed by Jiegao Border Trade Zone)

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