封禪

See also: 封禅

Chinese

		to confer; to grant; to seal to confer; to grant; to seal; (a measure word)	abdicate; meditation; abstraction abdicate; meditation; abstraction; (Zen) Buddhism
trad. (封禪)		封	禪
simp. (封禅)		封	禅

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): fēngshàn

(Zhuyin): ㄈㄥㄕㄢˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): fung¹ sin⁶
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): hong-siān

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
  - Hanyu Pinyin: fēngshàn
  - Zhuyin: ㄈㄥㄕㄢˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: fongshàn
  - Wade–Giles: fêng¹-shan⁴
  - Yale: fēng-shàn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fengshann
  - Palladius: фэншань (fɛnšanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fɤŋ⁵⁵ ʂän⁵¹/
  - Homophones:
    [Show/Hide]
    ^edit
    ^edit
    封禪／封禅
    風扇／风扇
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: fung¹ sin⁶
  - Yale: fūng sihn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: fung¹ sin⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: fung¹ xin⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fʊŋ⁵⁵ siːn²²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hong-siān
  - Tâi-lô: hong-siān
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hongsien
  - IPA (Xiamen): /hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² siɛn²²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /hɔŋ³³ siɛn⁴¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² siɛn²²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ siɛn³³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ siɛn³³/

Middle Chinese: pjowng dzyenH

Rime
Character	封	禪
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	幫 (1)	常 (25)
Final (韻)	鍾 (7)	仙 (77)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	府容切	時戰切
Baxter	pjowng	dzyenH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pɨoŋ/	/d͡ʑiᴇn^H/
Pan Wuyun	/pioŋ/	/d͡ʑiɛn^H/
Shao Rongfen	/pioŋ/	/d͡ʑjæn^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/puawŋ/	/d͡ʑian^H/
Li Rong	/pioŋ/	/ʑiɛn^H/
Wang Li	/pĭwoŋ/	/ʑĭɛn^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/pi̯woŋ/	/ʑi̯ɛn^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	fēng	shàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	fung¹	sin⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*p(r)oŋ [d]ar-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*poŋ djans/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	封	禪
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	fēng	shàn
Middle Chinese	‹ pjowng ›	‹ dzyen^H ›
Old Chinese	/*p(r)oŋ/	/*[d]ar-s/
English	raise a mound; enfeoff	hand over to another
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	封	禪
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	3253	2036
Phonetic component	封	單
Rime group	東	元
Rime subdivision	0	1
Corresponding MC rime	封	繕
Old Chinese	/*poŋ/	/*djans/
Notes	甲文同豐金文加又或寸轉註，表封土植木爲封疆

Verb

封禪

(of an emperor) to perform the Feng and Shan sacrifices; to offer sacrifices to heaven and earth at Mount Tai

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