涯

涯 U+6DAF, 涯
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6DAF
← 涮
[U+6DAE]
CJK Unified Ideographs 涰 →
[U+6DB0]

Translingual

Han character

Stroke order
11 strokes

涯 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 水一土土 (EMGG), four-corner 31114, composition ⿰氵厓)

Derived characters

  • 𠽎 𦹹

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 627, character 38
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17582
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1029, character 24
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1643, character 7
  • Unihan data for U+6DAF

Chinese

simp. and trad.
涯
alternative forms 漄
厓
𪞢

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 涯
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Etymology 1

From a root *ŋ(ˤ)rar (“slope, nearly vertical side”), whence also 巘 (OC *ŋ(r)ar(ʔ), “hill”), 山 (OC *s-ŋrar, “mountain”), and 顏 (OC *C.ŋˤrar, “forehead”) (Baxter & Sagart, 2014).

Same word as 崖 (yá, “cliff”) and 睚 (yá, “rim (of the eye)”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation



  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 涯
Mandarin Beijing /ia³⁵/
Harbin /ia²⁴/
Tianjin /iɑ⁴⁵/
Jinan /iɛ⁴²/
Qingdao /ia⁴²/
Zhengzhou /ia⁴²/
Xi'an /iai²⁴/
Xining /ia²⁴/
Yinchuan /ia⁵³/
Lanzhou /ia⁵³/
Ürümqi /ia⁵¹/
Wuhan /ia²¹³/
Chengdu /ia⁵³/
Guiyang /ia²¹/
Kunming /ia̠³¹/
Nanjing /iɑ²⁴/
Hefei /ia⁵⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /ia¹¹/
Pingyao /ȵiɑ¹³/
Hohhot /ia³¹/
Wu Shanghai /ɦia²³/
Suzhou /ɦiɑ¹³/
Hangzhou /ɦie̞²¹³/
Wenzhou /ŋa³¹/
Hui Shexian /ia³¹/
Tunxi /ŋɔ⁴⁴/
Xiang Changsha /ia¹³/
Xiangtan /iɒ¹²/
Gan Nanchang
Hakka Meixian /ŋai¹¹/
Taoyuan /ŋɑi¹¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /ŋai²¹/
Nanning /ŋai²¹/
Hong Kong /ŋai²¹/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /gai³⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /ŋai⁵³/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /ŋa³³/
Shantou (Teochew) /ŋãi⁵⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /zai³¹/

Rime
Character 涯 涯
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial (聲) 疑 (31) 疑 (31)
Final (韻) 支 (13) 佳 (31)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) III II
Fanqie 魚羈切 五佳切
Baxter ngje ngea
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ŋˠiᴇ/ /ŋˠɛ/
Pan
Wuyun
/ŋᵚiɛ/ /ŋᵚæ/
Shao
Rongfen
/ŋiɛ/ /ŋæi/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ŋjiə̆/ /ŋaɨj/
Li
Rong
/ŋje/ /ŋɛ/
Wang
Li
/ŋǐe/ /ŋai/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ŋie̯/ /ŋai/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
yí yá
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
ji4 ngaai4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 涯
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
yá
Middle
Chinese
‹ ngɛ ›
Old
Chinese
/*ŋˁrar/
English river bank; limit

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 涯 涯
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 4535 4546
Phonetic
component
圭 圭
Rime
group
支 支
Rime
subdivision
0 0
Corresponding
MC rime
崖 宜
Old
Chinese
/*ŋreː/ /*ŋre/

Definitions

涯

  1. (literary, or in compounds) bank; shore
  2. (literary, or in compounds) limit; boundary; margin
Synonyms
  • (limit):

Compounds

  • 不自涯
  • 咫尺天涯
  • 地角天涯
  • 天涯 (tiānyá)
  • 天涯咫尺
  • 天涯地角 (tiānyá dìjiǎo)
  • 天涯海角 (tiānyáhǎijiǎo)
  • 天涯知己
  • 明日天涯
  • 橫無際涯/横无际涯
  • 水涯
  • 津涯
  • 海角天涯
  • 浪跡天涯/浪迹天涯
  • 涯分
  • 涯涘
  • 涯詞/涯词
  • 涯際/涯际
  • 無涯/无涯 (wúyá)
  • 生涯 (shēngyá)
  • 皮肉生涯
  • 神女生涯
  • 筆墨生涯/笔墨生涯
  • 苦海無涯/苦海无涯
  • 際涯/际涯

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 涯 – see 𠊎 (“I; me; etc.”).
(This character is a variant form of 𠊎).

References

Japanese

Kanji

涯

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

  1. shore, horizon

Readings

  • Go-on: げ (ge)
  • Kan-on: がい (gai, Jōyō)
  • Kun: はて (hate, 涯)

Compounds

Etymology

By extension from verb 果てる (hateru, “to be at an end, to finish, to be done”).

The hate reading for 涯 is rare, and is not listed in all dictionaries.

Pronunciation

  • (Tokyo) はて​ [hàtéꜜ] (Odaka – [2])
  • IPA(key): [ha̠te̞]

Noun

涯(はて) • (hate) 

  1. the end of the land: the shore
    Synonyms: 際涯, 限り
  2. the end of the visible world: the horizon

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 涯 (MC ngje|ngea). Recorded as Middle Korean 애 (ay) (Yale: ay) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Wikisource 涯 (eumhun 물가 애 (mulga ae))

  1. Hanja form? of 애 (“shore”).

Compounds

References

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

涯: Hán Nôm readings: rượi, nhai, nhười, rười, nhầy

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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