瀨

See also: 濑 and 瀬
瀨 U+7028, 瀨
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7028
← 瀧
[U+7027] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 瀩 →
[U+7029]

Translingual
Traditional 瀨
Shinjitai 瀬
Simplified 濑

Han character

瀨 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+16, 19 strokes, cangjie input 水木中金 (EDLC), four-corner 31186, composition ⿰氵賴)

Derived characters
  • 𬟣

References
  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 660, character 20
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 18672
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1070, character 13
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1782, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+7028

Chinese
trad. 瀨
simp. 濑
alternative forms 瀬

Glyph origin
Characters in the same phonetic series (賴) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
賴 *raːds
籟 *raːds
癩 *raːds, *raːd
瀨 *raːds
藾 *raːds
攋 *raːds, *reːdʔ, *raːd
懶 *raːnʔ
嬾 *raːnʔ
獺 *r̥ʰaːd, *hr'aːd

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *raːds) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 賴 (OC *raːds).

Etymology

As this word appeared in texts about ancient Eastern Yue (now Min) area and Chen Zan remarked that it was a Wu-Yue word, Schuessler (2007) speculates that it has Austroasiatic origin, comparing it to Wa-Lawa-Bulang *rah "rapids, waterfall" & Old Khmer rat (“to move swiftly, to run”), possibly derived from a root meaning "swift". Proto-Min *l̥aiꟲ is identical to Proto-Tai *hla:iᴮ¹.

Possibly unrelated to 濿 (OC *m·rads) "a ford".

Pronunciation 1

Rime
Character 瀨
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 來 (37)
Final (韻) 泰 (25)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 落蓋切
Baxter lajH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /lɑiH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /lɑiH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /lɑiH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /lajH/
Li
Rong		 /lɑiH/
Wang
Li		 /lɑiH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /lɑiH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 lài
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 laai6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 瀨
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 lài
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ lajH ›
Old
Chinese		 /*C.rˁa[t]-s/
English rapids

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 瀨
Reading # 1/1
No. 7634
Phonetic
component		 賴
Rime
group		 祭
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 賴
Old
Chinese		 /*raːds/

Definitions

瀨

  1. rapids; swift current
  2. (Cantonese) to pass (urine or feces) involuntarily
    我就嚟急到瀨喇，可唔可以去廁所呀？ [Cantonese, trad.]
    我就嚟急到濑喇，可唔可以去厕所呀？ [Cantonese, simp.]
    ngo5 zau6 lei4 gap1 dou3 laai6 laa3, ho2 m4 ho2 ji5 heoi3 ci3 so2 aa3? [Jyutping]
    I need to go so badly that I'm going to wet myself. Can I go to the washroom?
Synonyms
  • (rapids): (literary) 湍流 (tuānliú)

Compounds

Pronunciation 2

Definitions

瀨

  1. (Zhangzhou Hokkien) area with torrential waters steeply falling onto the riverbed

Compounds

Japanese

Shinjitai

 瀬

Kyūjitai

 瀨

Kanji
瀨

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 瀬)

  1. swift current
  2. rapids

Readings
  • On (unclassified): らい (rai)
  • Kun: せ (se, 瀨)

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 瀨 (MC lajH). Recorded as Middle Korean 뢰〮 (lwóy) (Yale: lwoy) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Wikisource 瀨 (eumhun 여울 뢰 (yeoul roe), South Korea 여울 뇌 (yeoul noe))

  1. Hanja form? of 뢰/뇌 (“rapids”).

References
  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.
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