芽

芽 U+82BD, 芽
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-82BD
← 芼
[U+82BC] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 芾 →
[U+82BE]

芽 U+2F995, 芽
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F995
← 芳
[U+2F994] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 苦 →
[U+2F996]

Translingual

Han character

芽 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+4 in Chinese, 艸+5 in Japanese, 7 strokes in Chinese, 8 strokes in Japanese, cangjie input 廿一女竹 (TMVH), four-corner 44241, composition ⿱艹牙)

Derived characters
  • 𫢯, 𠵝, 𡝿

References

Chinese
trad. 芽
simp. # 芽

Glyph origin
Characters in the same phonetic series (牙) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
邪 *ljaː, *laː
衺 *ljaː
牙 *ŋraː
芽 *ŋraː
齖 *ŋraː, *ŋraːs
呀 *ŋraː, *hŋraː
枒 *ŋraː, *ŋraːs
雅 *ŋraːʔ
厊 *ŋraːʔ
庌 *ŋraːʔ
訝 *ŋraːs
迓 *ŋraːs
砑 *ŋraːs
犽 *ŋraːs
疨 *hŋraː
岈 *hŋraː
谺 *hŋraː
颬 *hŋraː
鴉 *qraː
釾 *laː

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋraː) : semantic 艹 (“grass”) + phonetic 牙 (OC *ŋraː).

Etymology

Cognate with 牙 (OC *ŋraː, “tooth”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

Note:
  • gê/gêe - vernacular;
  • gâ - literary.
    • Wu
      • (Shanghai):
        • Wugniu: 6nga; 6ya
        • MiniDict: nga去; ya去
        • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): 3nga; 3hhia
        • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ŋa²³/, /ɦia²³/
    Note:
    • 6nga - colloquial;
    • 6ya - literary.
    Rime
    Character 芽
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 疑 (31)
    Final (韻) 麻 (98)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) II
    Fanqie 五加切
    Baxter ngae
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang    		 /ŋˠa/
    Pan
    Wuyun    		 /ŋᵚa/
    Shao
    Rongfen    		 /ŋa/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank    		 /ŋaɨ/
    Li
    Rong    		 /ŋa/
    Wang
    Li    		 /ŋa/
    Bernard
    Karlgren    		 /ŋa/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex    		 yá
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex    		 ngaa4
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 芽
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)    		 yá
    Middle
    Chinese    		 ‹ ngæ ›
    Old
    Chinese    		 /*m-ɢˁ<r>a/
    English shoot, sprout

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 芽
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 14178
    Phonetic
    component    		 牙
    Rime
    group    		 魚
    Rime
    subdivision    		 0
    Corresponding
    MC rime    		 牙
    Old
    Chinese    		 /*ŋraː/

    Definitions

    芽

    1. bud; shoot; sprout
    2. bud-shaped thing

    Compounds

    References

    Japanese
    Shinjitai 芽
    Kyūjitai
    [1]
    芽
    &#x2f995;
    or
    芽+&#xFE00;?
    芽󠄀
    芽+&#xE0100;?
    (Adobe-Japan1)
    芽󠄄
    芽+&#xE0104;?
    (Hanyo-Denshi)
    (Moji_Joho)
    The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
    See here for details.

    Kanji
    芽

    (grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    1. bud, sprout, shoot

    Readings

    Compounds
    Compounds

    Etymology 1
    Kanji in this term
    芽
    め
    Grade: 4
    kun’yomi
    For pronunciation and definitions of 芽 – see the following entry.
    【め】H
    [noun] [from 712] 芽: bud, sprout, shoot
    [noun] [from 1922] 芽: the germ of an idea, an inkling
    [noun] [date unknown] 芽: (biology) a bird embryo: more specifically, as found on the yolk of an egg, the blastodisk, the germinal disk, the embryonic disk
    (This term, 芽, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

    Etymology 2
    Kanji in this term
    芽
    が
    Grade: 4
    on’yomi

    From Middle Chinese 芽 (MC ngae).

    Pronunciation
    • IPA(key): [ɡa̠]

    Affix

    芽(が) • (ga) 

    1. bud; sprout; shoot

    References
    1. Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 1805 (paper), page 954 (digital)

    Korean

    Etymology

    (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

    Pronunciation

    Hanja

    Wikisource 芽 • (a) (hangeul 아, revised a, McCune–Reischauer a, Yale a)

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    Tày

    Noun

    芽 (transliteration needed)

    1. Nôm form of nhả (“grass”).

    References
    • Lục Văn Pảo, Hoàng Tuấn Nam (2003) Hoàng Triều Ân, editor, Từ điển chữ Nôm Tày [A Dictionary of (chữ) Nôm Tày]‎ (in Vietnamese), Hanoi: Nhà xuất bản Khoa học Xã hội

    Vietnamese

    Han character

    芽: Hán Nôm readings: nha

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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