虩

虩	U+8669, 虩 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8669

← 虨
[U+8668]

CJK Unified Ideographs

虪 →
[U+866A]

虩	U+2F9B6, 虩 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F9B6

← 虧
[U+2F9B5]

CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement

蚩 →
[U+2F9B7]

Translingual

Han character

虩 (Kangxi radical 141, 虍+12, 18 strokes, cangjie input 火火卜心山 (FFYPU), four-corner 9291₇, composition ⿰𡭴虎)

Derived characters

𡄼, 𭳳

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 1075, character 53
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 32782
Dae Jaweon: page 1544, character 32
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2830, character 9
Unihan data for U+8669
Unihan data for U+2F9B6

Chinese

trad.		虩
simp. ^#		虩

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 虩
Western Zhou	Spring and Autumn
Bronze inscriptions	Bronze inscriptions

Characters in the same phonetic series (隙) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
虩	sqʰraːɡ, qʰraɡ
隙	*kʰraɡ

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): xì (xi⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄒㄧˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gwik¹, hik¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: xì
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄧˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: sì
  - Wade–Giles: hsi⁴
  - Yale: syì
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shih
  - Palladius: си (si)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕi⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: gwik¹, hik¹
  - Yale: gwīk, hīk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gwik⁷, hik⁷
  - Guangdong Romanization: guig¹, hig¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʷɪk̚⁵/, /hɪk̚⁵/

Middle Chinese: xjaek, sreak

Rime
Character	虩	虩
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	曉 (32)	生 (21)
Final (韻)	陌 (115)	麥 (119)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	II
Fanqie	許郤切	山責切
Baxter	xjaek	sreak
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/hˠiæk̚/	/ʃˠɛk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/hᵚiak̚/	/ʃᵚæk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/xiak̚/	/ʃɐk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/hiajk̚/	/ʂəɨjk̚/
Li Rong	/xiɐk̚/	/ʃɛk̚/
Wang Li	/xĭɐk̚/	/ʃæk̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/xiɐk̚/	/ʂæk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xi	she
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hik¹	sak¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*qʰrak/

(Zhengzhang): /*sqʰraːɡ/, /*qʰraɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	虩
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xì
Middle Chinese	‹ xjæk ›
Old Chinese	/*qʰrak/
English	fear
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	虩	虩
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	13440	13442
Phonetic component	隙	隙
Rime group	錫	鐸
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	栜	虩
Old Chinese	/*sqʰraːɡ/	/*qʰraɡ/

Definitions

虩

(archaic) full of fear; in awe; with great vigilance; cautiously
- 嚴龏夤天命，保業厥秦，虩事蠻夏。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  严𱍁夤天命，保业厥秦，虩事蛮夏。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: c. Spring and Autumn period, Qin Gong gui inscriptions (秦公簋銘文). English text based on the translation by Gilbert Mattos.
  Yán gōng yín tiānmìng, bǎo yè jué Qín, xì shì Mán Xià. [Pinyin]
  [They] reverently respected and revered Heaven's Mandate, protected and regulated their [state of] Qin, and vigilantly attended to the Man and the Xia.

References

“虩”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

虩

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

On (unclassified): けき (keki); きゃく (kyaku); さく (saku); しゃく (shaku)

Kun: おそれる (osoreru)

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