鰻

See also: 鳗
鰻 U+9C3B, 鰻
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9C3B
← 鰺
[U+9C3A] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 鰼 →
[U+9C3C]

Translingual

Han character

鰻 (Kangxi radical 195, 魚+11, 22 strokes, cangjie input 弓火日田水 (NFAWE), four-corner 26347, composition ⿰魚曼)

Descendants

Further reading
  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1477, character 7
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 46443
  • Dae Jaweon: page 2008, character 34
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4710, character 8
  • Unihan data for U+9C3B

Chinese
trad. 鰻
simp. 鳗
alternative forms
 
𩺴
𩻠
⿰魚昘
⿰魚𭦗
⿰魚𭦟
𩺴
𩻠
⿰魚昘
⿰魚𭦗
⿰魚𭦟
⿰鱼⿳⺜𠀃勹

Glyph origin
Characters in the same phonetic series (曼) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
獌 *mroːn, *moːns, *mons
鬘 *mroːn
謾 *mroːn, *mroːns, *mon, *moːn, *moːns
慢 *mroːns
嫚 *mroːns
縵 *mroːns, *moːns
曼 *moːn, *mons
饅 *moːn
蔓 *moːn, *mons
鰻 *moːn, *mons
墁 *moːn, *moːns
鏝 *moːn, *moːns
槾 *moːn
漫 *moːns
幔 *moːns
蟃 *mons

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *moːn, *mons) : semantic 魚 (“fish”) + phonetic 曼 (OC *moːn, *mons) – a kind of fish.

Pronunciation

Note: maan6 - common variant.
Rime
Character 鰻 鰻
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial (聲) 明 (4) 明 (4)
Final (韻) 桓 (62) 元 (66)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Closed Closed
Division (等) I III
Fanqie 母官切 無販切
Baxter man mjonH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /muɑn/ /mʉɐnH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /mʷɑn/ /mʷiɐnH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /muɑn/ /miuɐnH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /mwan/ /muanH/
Li
Rong		 /muɑn/ /miuɐnH/
Wang
Li		 /muɑn/ /mĭwɐnH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /muɑn/ /mi̯wɐnH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 mán wàn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 mun4 maan6
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 鰻 鰻
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 8744 8758
Phonetic
component		 曼 曼
Rime
group		 元 元
Rime
subdivision		 3 3
Corresponding
MC rime		 瞞 万
Old
Chinese		 /*moːn/ /*mons/

Definitions

鰻

  1. eel

Compounds

Descendants
  • → Indonesian: mua

References

Japanese

Kanji
鰻

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

  1. eel

Readings

Etymology 1
Kanji in this term
鰻
むなぎ
Hyōgaiji
kun’yomi

⟨munaɡi1⟩ → /munaɡi/

From Old Japanese, first attested in the Man'yōshū (c. 759 CE).

Speculatively, might be from 身 (mu, “body”, ancient compounding form of modern mi) +‎ 長 (nagi, “long”, irregular shift from expected reading naga).[1] However, the naga → nagi shift is otherwise unattested.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): [mɯ̟ᵝna̠ɡʲi]

Noun

鰻(むなぎ) • (munagi) 

  1. (archaic, possibly obsolete) an eel
    • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 16, poem 3853:
      , text here
      石(いは)麻呂(まろ)尓(に)吾物(われもの)申(まをす)夏痩(なつやせ)尓(に)吉(よし)跡(と)云物(いふもの)曽(ぞ)武奈伎(むなぎ)取喫(とりめせ) [Man'yōgana]
      石(いは)麻呂(まろ)に我(わ)れ物(もの)申(まを)す夏(なつ)痩(や)せによしといふものぞ鰻(むなぎ)捕(と)り食(め)せ [Modern spelling]
      Iwamaro ni waga mono mōsu natsu-yase ni yoshi to iu-mono zo munagi torimese
      I address Mr. Iwamaro: they're said to be efficacious for summer loss of weight―go and eat some eels.[2]
    • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 16, poem 3854:
      , text here
      痩々(やすやす)母(も)生(い)有(けら)者(ば)将在(あらむ)乎(を)波多也波多(はたやはた)武奈伎(むなぎ)乎漁取跡(をとると)河(かは)尓(に)流(ながる)勿(な) [Man'yōgana]
      痩(や)す痩(や)すも生(い)けらばあらむをはたやはた鰻(むなぎ)を捕(と)ると川(かは)に流(なが)るな [Modern spelling]
      yasuyasu mo ikeraba aramu o hata ya hata munagi o toru to kawa ni nagaru na
      Ever thinner though you be, better stay alive. When you're after eels for dinner, watch your step. Don't dive.[3]

Etymology 2
Kanji in this term
鰻
うなぎ
Hyōgaiji
kun’yomi

/munaɡi/ → /unaɡi/

Sound shift from munagi above.[4][5]

First cited to a text from 1241.[6]

Pronunciation

Noun

鰻(うなぎ) or 鰻(ウナギ) • (unagi) 

  1. [from 1241] eel, especially the Japanese eel (Anguilla japonica)
Derived terms
Derived terms

See also

Etymology 3
Kanji in this term
鰻
うな
Hyōgaiji
irregular

Abbreviation of unagi above, used in some compounds.

Pronunciation

Noun

鰻(うな) • (una) 

  1. (only in compounds) Synonym of うなぎ (see above).
Derived terms
Derived terms

Etymology 4
Kanji in this term
鰻
う
Hyōgaiji
irregular

Another abbreviation of unagi above, used in some compounds.

Pronunciation

Noun

鰻(う) • (u) 

  1. (only in compounds) Synonym of うなぎ (see above).
Usage notes
  • Found in restaurant signboards, for example.
Derived terms
Derived terms
  • 鰻(う)作(ざく) (u-zaku)
  • 鰻(う)鍋(なべ) (u-nabe)
  • 鰻(う)巻(ま)き (u-maki)

References
  1. 語源由来辞典 (Gogen Yurai Jiten, “Etymology Derivation Dictionary”) (in Japanese). Entry available online here.
  2. Paula Doe, Yakamochi Ōtomo (1982) A Warbler's Song in the Dusk: The Life and Work of Ōtomo Yakamochi (718-785), illustrated edition, University of California Press, →ISBN, page 81
  3. Robin D. Gill (2009) A Dolphin in the Woods Composite Translation, Paraversing & Distilling Prose, illustrated edition, Paraverse Press, →ISBN, page 215
  4. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  5. Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  6. “鰻”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000
  7. NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

鰻 (eumhun 뱀장어 만 (baemjang'eo man))

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

Okinawan

Kanji
鰻

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

Readings
  • Kun: っんなじ ('nnaji)

Etymology

/ʔunaɡi/ → /ʔɴ̩nad͡ʑi/

Cognate with Japanese 鰻.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): [ʔn̩nad͡ʑi]

Noun

鰻(っんなじ) ('nnaji) 

  1. an eel

Vietnamese

Han character

鰻: Hán Việt readings: man
鰻: Nôm readings: man

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References
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