-iş

See also: Appendix:Variations of "is"

Azerbaijani

Etymology 1

Cognate with Uyghur -ىش (-ish).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /iʃ/

Suffix

preceding vowel
A / I E / Ə / İ O / U Ö / Ü
postconsonantal -ış -iş -uş -üş
postvocalic -yış -yiş -yuş -yüş

-iş

  1. Suffix creating nouns from verbs.[1]
    ‎axtarmaq (“to search”) + ‎-ış → ‎axtarış (“search”)
    ‎satmaq (“to sell”) + ‎-ış → ‎satış (“sale”)
    ‎oyanmaq (“to awake”) + ‎-ış → ‎oyanış (“awakening”)
    ‎girmək (“to enter”) + ‎-iş → ‎giriş (“entrance”)
    ‎getmək (“to walk, to travel”) + ‎-iş → ‎gediş (“journey”)
    ‎uçmaq (“to fly”) + ‎-uş → ‎uçuş (“flight”)
    ‎udmaq (“to win”) + ‎-uş → ‎uduş (“win, gain”)
    ‎gülmək (“to laugh”) + ‎-üş → ‎gülüş (“laughter”)
    ‎görmək (“to see”) + ‎-üş → ‎görüş (“meeting, encounter”)
    ‎söymək (“to curse, to scold”) + ‎-üş → ‎söyüş (“curse, foul language”)
    ‎yaşamaq (“to live”) + ‎-yış → ‎yaşayış
    ‎anlamaq (“to understand”) + ‎-yış → ‎anlayış
Usage notes

A notable irregularity is yürümək, taking -ş:

‎yürümək (“to go”) + ‎-ş → ‎yürüş (“march”)
Declension
Derived terms
Azerbaijani terms suffixed with -iş (nominal)

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /iʃ/

Suffix

preceding vowel
A / I E / Ə / İ O / U Ö / Ü
postconsonantal -ış -iş -uş -üş
postvocalic -ş

-iş

  1. Reciprocative suffix.[2]
    ‎baxmaq + ‎-iş → ‎baxışmaq
    ‎bitmək + ‎-iş → ‎bitişmək
    ‎çəkmək + ‎-iş → ‎çəkişmək
    ‎vurmaq (“to hit, punch”) + ‎-iş → ‎vuruşmaq (“to battle, fight”)
    ‎döymək (“to beat”) + ‎-iş → ‎döyüşmək (“to fight, combat”)
    ‎yürümək + ‎-ş → ‎yürüşmək
    ‎tanımaq + ‎-ş → ‎tanışmaq
Usage notes

Verbs with monosyllabic vowel-ending stems generally take a y before the suffixes -il, -in, or -iş:

‎demək (“to say”) + ‎-iş → ‎deyişmək (“to argue”)
Derived terms
Azerbaijani terms suffixed with -iş (verbal)

References

  1. Şirəliyev, Məmmədağa, Sevortyan, Ervand (1971) “-iş”, in Grammatika azerbajdžanskovo jazyka. Fonetika, morfologija i sintaksis. [Grammar of Azerbaijani language. Phonetics, morphology, syntax.], Baku: Elm, page 54.
  2. Şirəliyev, Məmmədağa, Sevortyan, Ervand (1971) “-iş”, in Grammatika azerbajdžanskovo jazyka. Fonetika, morfologija i sintaksis. [Grammar of Azerbaijani language. Phonetics, morphology, syntax.], Baku: Elm, page 96.

Crimean Tatar

Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *-iĺč.

Suffix

-iş

  1. Derived reciprocal forms of verbs.
    ‎tapmaq (“to find”) + ‎-ış → ‎tapışmaq (“to find each other”)

Turkish

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈiʃ/

Etymology 1

Inherited from Ottoman Turkish ـش (-iş), from Old Anatolian Turkish ـش (iş), from Proto-Turkic *-iĺ.

Suffix

preceding vowel
A / I E / İ O / U Ö / Ü
postconsonantal -ış -iş -uş -üş
postvocalic -yış -yiş -yuş -yüş

-iş (noun-forming suffixes)

  1. Derives nouns from verbs.
    ‎bakmak (“to look”) + ‎-ış → ‎bakış (“look”)
    ‎inmek (“to land”) + ‎-iş → ‎iniş (“landing”)
    ‎görmek (“to see”) + ‎-üş → ‎görüş (“sight”)
Derived terms
Turkish terms suffixed with -iş
Turkish terms suffixed with -iş (nominal)

Etymology 2

Inherited from Ottoman Turkish ـش (-iş), from Old Anatolian Turkish ـش (-iş), from Proto-Turkic *-iĺč.

Suffix

preceding vowel
A / I E / İ O / U Ö / Ü
postconsonantal -ış -iş -uş -üş
postvocalic -ş

-iş

  1. Derived reciprocal forms of verbs.
    ‎bakmak (“to look”) + ‎-ış → ‎bakışmak (“to look at each other”)
    ‎sevmek (“to like, love”) + ‎-iş → ‎sevişmek (“to make love”)
Derived terms
Turkish terms suffixed with -iş (verbal)

Etymology 3

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Suffix

-iş

  1. A suffix forming terms of endearment.
    ‎kedi (“cat”) + ‎-ş → ‎kediş (“kitty”)
Usage notes
  • Stritcly speaking, -iş doesn't adhere to a vowel harmony rule and the variant that will give the euphonious result is chosen almost arbitrarily. Tatlış and tatliş (from tatlı) coexist. For some given names there are multiple affectionate alternative forms ending in -oş, -iş, -üş, etc.
Derived terms
Turkish terms suffixed with -iş (affectionate)
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