surname; match; mate surname; match; mate; hatred; animosity; enmity; a rival; an enemy; feud |
blame; complain | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (仇怨/讎怨) | 仇/讎 | 怨 | |
| simp. (仇怨) | 仇 | 怨 | |
| anagram | 怨仇 | ||
| Rime | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Character | 仇 | 怨 | 怨 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 群 (30) | 影 (34) | 影 (34) |
| Final (韻) | 尤 (136) | 元 (66) | 元 (66) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Closed | Closed |
| Division (等) | III | III | III |
| Fanqie | 巨鳩切 | 於袁切 | 於願切 |
| Baxter | gjuw | 'jwon | 'jwonH |
| Reconstructions | |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/ɡɨu/ | /ʔʉɐn/ | /ʔʉɐnH/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/ɡiu/ | /ʔʷiɐn/ | /ʔʷiɐnH/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/ɡiəu/ | /ʔiuɐn/ | /ʔiuɐnH/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/guw/ | /ʔuan/ | /ʔuanH/ |
| Li Rong |
/ɡiu/ | /ʔiuɐn/ | /ʔiuɐnH/ |
| Wang Li |
/ɡĭəu/ | /ĭwɐn/ | /ĭwɐnH/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/gi̯ə̯u/ | /ʔi̯wɐn/ | /ʔi̯wɐnH/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
qiú | yuān | yuàn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex |
kau4 | jyun1 | jyun3 |
| Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 仇 | 怨 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
qiú | yuàn |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ gjuw › | ‹ ʔjwonH › |
| Old Chinese |
/*[ɡ](r)u/ | /*[ʔ]o[r]-s/ |
| English | mate (*n.) | resentment |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | ||
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Character | 仇 | 怨 | 怨 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 6944 | 16286 | 16305 |
| Phonetic component |
九 | 夗 | 夗 |
| Rime group |
幽 | 元 | 元 |
| Rime subdivision |
1 | 3 | 3 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
𧚍 | 鴛 | 怨 |
| Old Chinese |
/*ɡu/ | /*qon/ | /*qons/ |