鳩

See also: 鸠
鳩 U+9CE9, 鳩
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9CE9
← 鳨
[U+9CE8]
CJK Unified Ideographs 鳪 →
[U+9CEA]

Translingual

Han character

鳩 (Kangxi radical 196, 鳥+2, 13 strokes, cangjie input 大弓竹日火 (KNHAF), four-corner 47027, composition ⿰九鳥)

Derived characters

  • 𤄄

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1481, character 10
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 46648
  • Dae Jaweon: page 2013, character 12
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4613, character 13
  • Unihan data for U+9CE9

Chinese

trad. 鳩
simp. 鸠
alternative forms
 
䲥
𩾛
㞗 Cantonese vulgar
𨳊 Cantonese vulgar
尻 Cantonese vulgar
䲥
𩾛
㞗 Cantonese vulgar
𨳊 Cantonese vulgar
尻 Cantonese vulgar
九 Cantonese euphemism
9 Cantonese euphemism

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 鳩
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *ku) : phonetic 九 (OC *kuʔ) + semantic 鳥 (“bird”).

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-k(r)əw (“dove, pigeon”) (Benedict, 1974; Schuessler, 2007; STEDT). Compare Tibetan འང་གུ ('ang gu, “pigeon”), Proto-Loloish *m-krəw², Burmese ချိုး (hkyui:), Proto-Kuki-Chin *khruu.

In some southern Chinese dialects, 鳩/鸠 is pronounced with aspirated initial /kʰ/ due to taboo considerations.

Pronunciation


Note:
  • kau1 - common for non-vulgar senses;
  • gau1 - common for vulgar senses.

Rime
Character 鳩
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 尤 (136)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 居求切
Baxter kjuw
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/kɨu/
Pan
Wuyun
/kiu/
Shao
Rongfen
/kiəu/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/kuw/
Li
Rong
/kiu/
Wang
Li
/kĭəu/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ki̯ə̯u/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
jiū
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
gau1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 鳩
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
jiū
Middle
Chinese
‹ kjuw ›
Old
Chinese
/*[k](r)u/
English (a kind of bird)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 鳩
Reading # 1/1
No. 6939
Phonetic
component
九
Rime
group
幽
Rime
subdivision
1
Corresponding
MC rime
鳩
Old
Chinese
/*ku/

Definitions

鳩

  1. pigeon; dove (family Columbidae)
  2. (literary) to gather; to assemble
  3. (Cantonese, Pingnan Min, vulgar) penis (sometimes especially erect) (Classifier: 轆/辘 c; 條/条 c)
    含鳩/含鸠 [Cantonese]  ―  ham4 gau1 [Jyutping]  ―  to suck a dick
  4. (Cantonese, vulgar) fucking (intensifier)
    乜鳩事呀你? [Cantonese, trad.]
    乜鸠事呀你? [Cantonese, simp.]
    mat1 gau1 si6 aa3 nei5? [Jyutping]
    What the fuck is wrong with you?
  5. (Cantonese, vulgar) Negates the meaning of the sentence.
    sor鳩ry呀!/sor鸠ry呀! [Cantonese]  ―  so1 gau1 li4 aa3! [Jyutping]  ―  so fucking sorry! (sarcastic)
  6. (Cantonese, vulgar) stupid; dumb
    呢套戲真係好鳩。 [Cantonese, trad.]
    呢套戏真系好鸠。 [Cantonese, simp.]
    ni1 tou3 hei3 zan1 hai6 hou2 gau1. [Jyutping]
    This movie is so fucking dumb.
  7. (Cantonese, vulgar) recklessly
    鳩噏/鸠噏 [Cantonese]  ―  gau1 ngap1 [Jyutping]  ―  to talk shit
  8. (Cantonese, vulgar) unseriously
    鳩做份功課/鸠做份功课 [Cantonese]  ―  gau1 zou6 fan6 gung1 fo3 [Jyutping]  ―  to do a piece of homework unseriously
  9. (Cantonese, vulgar) without aim or plan
    鳩行咗成日/鸠行咗成日 [Cantonese]  ―  gau1 haang4 zo2 seng4 jat6 [Jyutping]  ―  to walk around aimlessly for the entire day
  10. (Cantonese, vulgar) thoughtlessly
    鳩撳粒掣/鸠揿粒掣 [Cantonese]  ―  gau1 gam6 lap1 zai3 [Jyutping]  ―  to press a button repeatedly and thoughtlessly
  11. (Cantonese, vulgar) unreasonably; lacking in reason
    一味鳩反/一味鸠反 [Cantonese]  ―  jat1 mei6-2 gau1 faan2 [Jyutping]  ―  to indiscriminately oppose without reason

Synonyms

Compounds

Descendants

  • →? Proto-Hmong: *ɴquᴬ (“pigeon”)

References

Japanese

Kanji

鳩

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

Readings

Compounds

Etymology 1

鳩 (hato): a pigeon, a dove.
Kanji in this term
鳩
はと
Jinmeiyō
kun’yomi
Alternative spelling
鴿

⟨pato1⟩ → */patʷo/ → /ɸato/ → /hato/

From Old Japanese, appears in the Kojiki of 712 CE.[1] In turn, from Proto-Japonic *pato.

Possibly ultimately from はたはた (hatahata), an onomatopoeia for the sound of a dove or pigeon's wings in flight.[2]

Pronunciation

Noun

鳩(はと) or 鳩(ハト) • (hato) 

  1. pigeon, dove (bird of genus Columba)
Usage notes
  • As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as ハト.
Derived terms
Idioms

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
鳩
きゅう
Jinmeiyō
kan’on

/kiu/ → /kʲuː/

From Middle Chinese 鳩 (MC kjuw).

Affix

鳩(きゅう) • (kyū) ←きう (kiu)?

  1. pigeon, dove
  2. (by extension) gather together (from the way that pigeons flock together)
Derived terms

References

  1. Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. “ハト・鳩”, in 日本辞典 (Nihon Jiten, “Japan Dictionary”) (in Japanese), 2007–2017.
  3. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  4. NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
  5. Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

鳩 • (gu) (hangeul 구, revised gu, McCune–Reischauer ku, Yale kwu)

  1. pigeon, dove
  2. collect, assemble

Vietnamese

Han character

鳩: Hán Nôm readings: cưu

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