冰

See also: 氷 and 仌
冰 U+51B0, 冰
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-51B0
← 冯
[U+51AF]
CJK Unified Ideographs 冱 →
[U+51B1]

Translingual

Stroke order
Traditional 冰
Simplified 冰
Japanese 氷
Korean 氷

Han character

冰 (Kangxi radical 15, 冫+4, 6 strokes, cangjie input 戈一水 (IME), four-corner 32130, composition ⿰冫水)

Derived characters

  • 𢬄, 栤, 𥒜, 𦀋, 𨀰, 𨋲, 𣑏, 𭜯

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 131, character 24
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1612
  • Dae Jaweon: page 294, character 15
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 295, character 9
  • Unihan data for U+51B0

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 冰
Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Vulgar character

Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *pŋrɯŋ, *ŋrɯŋ) : semantic 水 + phonetic 仌 (OC *pŋrɯŋ, *ŋrɯŋ). The above vulgar character in Shuowen Jiezi is 凝.

Etymology 1

simp. and trad.
冰
alternative forms
 
仌
冫
氷
𣲝
𨻱

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-p(w)am (“to freeze; snow”) (provisionally reconstructed). Compare Proto-Tani *pam (“snow”), Japhug jpɣom (“to freeze”), tɤjpɣom (“ice”), and perhaps Tangut 𘒓 (*par¹, “to congeal”) (STEDT; Schuessler, 2007; Zhang, Jacques, and Lai, 2019; Jacques, 2014).

Within Chinese, 凌 (OC *rɯŋ, “ice”) and possibly 凝 (OC *ŋrɯŋ, “to congeal”) are usually considered cognates (STEDT; Zhengzhang, 2003; Schuessler, 2007; Baxter and Sagart, 2014). However, they are phonologically difficult to reconcile with the Tibeto-Burman cognates above (cf. Schuessler, 2007).

STEDT also includes 雱 (OC *pʰaːŋ, “heavy (snowfall)”) and 霙 (OC *qraŋ, “snowflake”) in the Chinese comparandum of Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-p(w)am.

Alternatively, this may be related to Old Khmer ប្រិង៑ (“to harden; to solidify”), from រិង៑ (“to dry up”), although the meanings are difficult to reconcile (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation



  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 冰
Mandarin Beijing /piŋ⁵⁵/
Harbin /piŋ⁴⁴/
Tianjin /piŋ²¹/
Jinan /piŋ²¹³/
Qingdao /piŋ²¹³/
Zhengzhou /piŋ²⁴/
Xi'an /piŋ²¹/
Xining /piə̃⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /piŋ⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /pĩn³¹/
Ürümqi /piŋ⁴⁴/
Wuhan /pin⁵⁵/
Chengdu /pin⁵⁵/
Guiyang /pin⁵⁵/
Kunming /pĩ⁴⁴/
Nanjing /pin³¹/
Hefei /pin²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /piəŋ¹¹/
Pingyao /piŋ¹³/
Hohhot /pĩŋ³¹/
Wu Shanghai /piŋ⁵³/
Suzhou /pin⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /pin³³/
Wenzhou /peŋ³³/
Hui Shexian /piʌ̃³¹/
Tunxi /pɛ¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /pin³³/
Xiangtan /pin³³/
Gan Nanchang /pin⁴²/
Hakka Meixian /pen⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /pen²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /peŋ⁵³/
Nanning /peŋ⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /piŋ⁵⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /piŋ⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /piŋ⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /pain⁵⁴/
/peiŋ⁵⁴/ 新
Shantou (Teochew) /piã³³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /ʔbeŋ²³/

Rime
Character 冰
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 幫 (1)
Final (韻) 蒸 (133)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 筆陵切
Baxter ping
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/pɨŋ/
Pan
Wuyun
/pɨŋ/
Shao
Rongfen
/pieŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/piŋ/
Li
Rong
/piəŋ/
Wang
Li
/pĭəŋ/
Bernard
Karlgren
/pi̯əŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
bīng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
bing1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 冰
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
bīng
Middle
Chinese
‹ ping ›
Old
Chinese
/*p.rəŋ/ (dialect: *p.r- > *pr-)
English ice

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 冰
Reading # 1/2
No. 856
Phonetic
component
仌
Rime
group
蒸
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
冫
Old
Chinese
/*pŋrɯŋ/

Definitions

冰

  1. ice (Classifier: 塊/块 m c; 嚿 c)
    冰塊/冰块  ―  bīngkuài  ―  ice cube
  2. ice-cold
  3. to freeze; to ice
  4. (slang, drug) methamphetamine; meth; ice
    溜冰  ―  liūbīng  ―  to smoke meth
  5. a surname: Bing
Synonyms
  • (ice):

Compounds

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 冰 – see 凝 (“to coagulate; to congeal; to freeze; to focus; to concentrate; etc.”).
(This character is an ancient form of 凝).

References

Japanese

Kanji

冰

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

  1. Alternative form of 氷

Readings

Korean

Hanja

冰 (eumhun 얼음 빙 (eoreum bing))

  1. Alternative form of 氷 (“Hanja form? of 빙 (“ice”).”)

References

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典.

Vietnamese

Alternative forms

Han character

冰: Hán Việt readings: băng (悲(bi)陵(lăng)切(thiết))[2][3][4][5]
冰: Nôm readings: băng[2][4][5][6], phăng[4][7][5][6], bâng[2][4][7], văng[3][4], bưng[4]

  1. chữ Hán form of băng (“ice”).

Compounds

References

  1. Génibrel (1898).
  2. Nguyễn (2014).
  3. Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  4. Trần (2004).
  5. Bonet (1899).
  6. Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
  7. Hồ (1976).
This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.