否

See also: 咅, 杏, 좀, and 춤
否 U+5426, 否
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5426
← 吥
[U+5425]
CJK Unified Ideographs 吧 →
[U+5427]

Translingual

Stroke order
7 strokes

Han character

否 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 一火口 (MFR), four-corner 10609, composition ⿱不口)

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 178, character 2
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3340
  • Dae Jaweon: page 395, character 11
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 586, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+5426

Chinese

simp. and trad.
否
alternative forms 不 “no; not”
𠲎 Northern Wu
𠳝 Northern Wu

Glyph origin

Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *brɯʔ, *pɯʔ) : phonetic 不 (OC *pɯ, *pɯʔ, *pɯ', “not”) + semantic 口 (“mouth”).

Etymology 1

See etymology of 不.

Pronunciation



  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 否
Mandarin Beijing /fou²¹⁴/
Harbin /fau²¹³/
/fou²¹³/
Tianjin /fou¹³/
Jinan /fɔ⁵⁵/
Qingdao /fɔ⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /fu⁵³/
Xi'an /fu⁵³/
Xining /fv̩⁵³/
Yinchuan /fu⁵³/
Lanzhou /fu⁴⁴²/
Ürümqi /fu⁵¹/
Wuhan /fəu⁴²/
Chengdu /fo⁵³/
/fəu⁵³/
Guiyang /fu⁴²/
Kunming /fəu⁵³/
Nanjing /fəi²¹²/
Hefei /fʊ²⁴/
Jin Taiyuan /fu⁵³/
Pingyao
Hohhot /fu⁵³/
Wu Shanghai /fɤ³⁵/
Suzhou /fɤ⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /fei⁵³/
Wenzhou /fɜ³⁵/
Hui Shexian /fo³⁵/
Tunxi /fo³¹/
Xiang Changsha /xəu⁴¹/
Xiangtan /ɸəɯ⁴²/
Gan Nanchang /fɛu²¹³/
Hakka Meixian /feu³¹/
Taoyuan /feu¹¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /fɐu³⁵/
Nanning /fɐu³⁵/
Hong Kong /fɐu³⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /hɔ⁵³/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /pʰeu³²/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /pʰe²¹/
Shantou (Teochew) /hõu⁵³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /fɔu²¹³/

Rime
Character 否
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 幫 (1)
Final (韻) 尤 (136)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 方久切
Baxter pjuwX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/pɨuX/
Pan
Wuyun
/piuX/
Shao
Rongfen
/piəuX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/puwX/
Li
Rong
/piuX/
Wang
Li
/pĭəuX/
Bernard
Karlgren
/pi̯ə̯uX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
fǒu
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
fau2
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 否
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
fǒu
Middle
Chinese
‹ pjuwX ›
Old
Chinese
/*pəʔ/
English not

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 否
Reading # 2/2
No. 1028
Phonetic
component
不
Rime
group
之
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
缶
Old
Chinese
/*pɯʔ/

Definitions

否

  1. nay; no; negative
  2. not
  3. final interrogative particle
Usage notes

否 (fǒu) is the form taken by 不 (bù) when the verb which it negates is omitted (Pulleyblank, 1995, p. 104).

Compounds

Pronunciation


Note:
  • phí - literary;
  • pháiⁿ/phái - vernacular (usually written as 歹).
    Note:
    • pi2 - literary;
    • pai2 - vernacular (usually written as 痞).
      • Wu
        • (Shanghai):
          • Wugniu: 5phi
          • MiniDict: phi去
          • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): 2phi
          • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /pʰi³⁴/

Rime
Character 否
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 並 (3)
Final (韻) 脂 (17)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 符鄙切
Baxter bijX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/bˠiɪX/
Pan
Wuyun
/bᵚiX/
Shao
Rongfen
/biɪX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/bjiX/
Li
Rong
/bjiX/
Wang
Li
/biX/
Bernard
Karlgren
/bʱiX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
bì
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
bei6
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 否
Reading # 1/2
No. 1022
Phonetic
component
不
Rime
group
之
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
否
Old
Chinese
/*brɯʔ/

Definitions

否

  1. † to block; to obstruct
  2. † to denounce; to censure
  3. † to become extinct
  4. † poverty-stricken; poor
  5. † evil; vile
  6. † Alternative form of 鄙 (bǐ, “superficial; shallow”)
  7. † Alternative form of 痞 (pǐ, “lump in the abdomen”)
  8. 12th hexagram of the I Ching

Compounds

  • 否剝/否剥
  • 否去泰來/否去泰来
  • 否往泰來/否往泰来
  • 否德 (pǐdé)
  • 否極必泰/否极必泰
  • 否極泰來/否极泰来 (pǐjítàilái)
  • 否極生泰/否极生泰
  • 否泰
  • 否滯/否滞
  • 否終而泰/否终而泰
  • 否隔
  • 屯否
  • 屯蹶否塞
  • 晦盲否塞
  • 泰來否往/泰来否往
  • 泰極而否/泰极而否
  • 臧否 (zāngpǐ)
  • 臧否人物
  • 賢否不明/贤否不明
  • 進可替否/进可替否
  • 陟罰臧否/陟罚臧否 (zhìfázāngpǐ)

References

    Japanese

    Kanji

    否

    (grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    1. no
    2. negate

    Readings

    Compounds

    Etymology 1

    Kanji in this term
    否
    いな
    Grade: 6
    kun’yomi
    For pronunciation and definitions of 否 – see the following entry.
    【いな】
    [interjection] no
    [noun] nay, no
    [noun] (uncommon, perhaps archaic) a river snail
    (This term, 否, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

    Etymology 2

    Kanji in this term
    否
    ひ
    Grade: 6
    on’yomi

    From Middle Chinese 否 (MC bijX). The kan'on pronunciation, so likely a later borrowing.

    Pronunciation

    • IPA(key): [çi]

    Noun

    否(ひ) • (hi) 

    1. no

    Korean

    Hanja

    否 (eumhun 아닐 부 (anil bu))

    1. Hanja form? of 부 (“not, no, negative”).

    否 (eumhun 막힐 비 (makhil bi))

    1. Hanja form? of 비 (“obstruct, block”).

    Vietnamese

    Han character

    否: Hán Nôm readings: bĩ, phủ, phầu

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    Readings

    References

    • Thiều Chửu : Hán Việt Tự Điển Hà Nội 1942
    • Trần Văn Chánh: Từ Điển Hán Việt NXB Trẻ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999
    • Vũ Văn Kính: Đại Tự Điển Chữ Nôm, NXB Văn Nghệ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999
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