| cold; poor; to tremble | warm; toasty | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| simp. and trad. (寒暖) |
寒 | 暖 | |
| Rime | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 寒 | 暖 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 匣 (33) | 泥 (8) |
| Final (韻) | 寒 (61) | 桓 (62) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Closed |
| Division (等) | I | I |
| Fanqie | 胡安切 | 乃管切 |
| Baxter | han | nwanX |
| Reconstructions | ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/ɦɑn/ | /nuɑnX/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/ɦɑn/ | /nʷɑnX/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/ɣɑn/ | /nuɑnX/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/ɦan/ | /nwanX/ |
| Li Rong |
/ɣɑn/ | /nuɑnX/ |
| Wang Li |
/ɣɑn/ | /nuɑnX/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/ɣɑn/ | /nuɑnX/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
hán | nuǎn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex |
hon4 | nyun5 |
| Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 寒 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
hán |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ han › |
| Old Chinese |
/*Cə.[ɡ]ˁa[n]/ |
| English | cold |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | |
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 寒 | 暖 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 4870 | 16157 |
| Phonetic component |
寒 | 爰 |
| Rime group |
元 | 元 |
| Rime subdivision |
1 | 3 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
寒 | 煗 |
| Old Chinese |
/*ɡaːn/ | /*noːnʔ/ |
| Notes | 煖分化字見墨子訓讀同煗 | |
寒暖