分

See also: 份
分 U+5206, 分
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5206
← 刅
[U+5205]
CJK Unified Ideographs 切 →
[U+5207]

Translingual

Stroke order
Stroke order
4 strokes

Han character

分 (Kangxi radical 18, 刀+2, 4 strokes, cangjie input 金尸竹 (CSH), four-corner 80227, composition ⿱八刀)

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 136, character 4
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1853
  • Dae Jaweon: page 304, character 12
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 321, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+5206

Chinese

trad. 分
simp. # 分

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 分
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Ideogrammic compound (會意/会意) : 八 (“to separate”) + 刀 (“knife”) – to separate with a knife.

Pronunciation 1


Note:
  • pûn - vernacular (“to divide; to separate; to distribute; to give; by”);
  • fûn - literary.

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 分
Mandarin Beijing /fən⁵⁵/
Harbin /fən⁴⁴/
Tianjin /fən²¹/
Jinan /fẽ²¹³/
Qingdao /fə̃²¹³/
Zhengzhou /fən²⁴/
Xi'an /fẽ²¹/
Xining /fə̃⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /fəŋ⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /fə̃n³¹/
Ürümqi /fɤŋ⁴⁴/
Wuhan /fən⁵⁵/
Chengdu /fən⁵⁵/
Guiyang /fen⁵⁵/
Kunming /fə̃⁴⁴/
Nanjing /fən³¹/
Hefei /fən²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /fəŋ¹¹/
Pingyao /xuŋ¹³/
Hohhot /fə̃ŋ³¹/
Wu Shanghai /fəŋ⁵³/
Suzhou /fən⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /fen³³/
Wenzhou /faŋ³³/
Hui Shexian /fʌ̃³¹/
Tunxi /fɛ¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /fən³³/
Xiangtan /ɸən³³/
Gan Nanchang /fɨn⁴²/
Hakka Meixian /fun⁴⁴/ ~配
/pun⁴⁴/ 給
Taoyuan /pun²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /fɐn⁵³/
Nanning /fɐn⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /fɐn⁵⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /hun⁵⁵/
/pun⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /puoŋ⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /xɔŋ⁵⁴/
/puiŋ⁵⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /luŋ³³/
/puŋ³³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /ʔbun²³/
/hun²³/

Rime
Character 分
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 幫 (1)
Final (韻) 文 (59)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) III
Fanqie 府文切
Baxter pjun
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/pɨun/
Pan
Wuyun
/piun/
Shao
Rongfen
/piuən/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/pun/
Li
Rong
/piuən/
Wang
Li
/pĭuən/
Bernard
Karlgren
/pi̯uən/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
fēn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
fan1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 分
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
fēn
Middle
Chinese
‹ pjun ›
Old
Chinese
/*pə[n]/
English divide

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 分
Reading # 1/2
No. 3148
Phonetic
component
分
Rime
group
文
Rime
subdivision
1
Corresponding
MC rime
分
Old
Chinese
/*pɯn/

Definitions

分

  1. to divide; to separate
    這項工作分兩階段進行。 [MSC, trad.]
    这项工作分两阶段进行。 [MSC, simp.]
    Zhè xiàng gōngzuò fēn liǎng jiēduàn jìnxíng. [Pinyin]
    This exercise is divided into two stages.
    分成五塊/分成五块 [Cantonese]  ―  fan1 sing4 ng5 faai3 [Jyutping]  ―  split into 5 pieces
  2. to distribute; to allocate; to assign; to allot
    他和兒子分吃了一張比薩餅。 [MSC, trad.]
    他和儿子分吃了一张比萨饼。 [MSC, simp.]
    Tā hé érzǐ fēn chī le yī zhāng bǐsàbǐng. [Pinyin]
    He shared a pizza with his son.
    他和我一起分苹果。 [MSC, trad. and simp.]
    Tā hé wǒ yīqǐ fēn píngguǒ. [Pinyin]
    He divided the apples with me.
    他們分到了一幢住房。 [MSC, trad.]
    他们分到了一幢住房。 [MSC, simp.]
    Tāmen fēn dào le yī zhuàng zhùfáng. [Pinyin]
    They were allotted a house to live in.
  3. to distinguish; to differentiate; to tell apart
    我分不清他們。他們長得太像了。 [MSC, trad.]
    我分不清他们。他们长得太像了。 [MSC, simp.]
    Wǒ fēn bù qīng tāmen. Tāmen cháng dé tài xiàng le. [Pinyin]
    I cannot tell them apart. They are very much alike.
    他是一個懦夫,一個分不清蠻力和大丈夫氣概的恃強凌弱者。 [MSC, trad.]
    他是一个懦夫,一个分不清蛮力和大丈夫气概的恃强凌弱者。 [MSC, simp.]
    Tā shì yī ge nuòfū, yī ge fēn bù qīng mánlì hé dàzhàngfū qìgài de shìqiánglíngruò zhě. [Pinyin]
    He's a coward and a bully who confuses physical strength with manhood.
  4. to break up; to end a relationship; to separate
    See also: 分手
  5. (Hakka, Teochew, Hainanese) to give
  6. (Hakka, Teochew) by
    分人罵/分人骂 [Sixian Hakka]  ―  pûn ngìn ma [Pha̍k-fa-sṳ]  ―  to be scolded (by people)
  7. minute (unit of time)
    分鐘/分钟  ―  fēnzhōng  ―  minute
    現在是7點45分。/现在是7点45分。  ―  Xiànzài shì 7 diǎn 45 fēn.  ―  It's quarter to eight now.
  8. minute (unit of angle, 1/60 of a degree)
  9. fraction; proportion
    分之  ―  fēnzhī  ―  used to indicate a fraction
  10. (education, competition, etc.) point; mark
    本題佔五十分。/本题占五十分。  ―  Běntí zhàn wǔshí fēn.  ―  This question counts for 50 points.
    我得了多少分? [MSC, trad. and simp.]
    Wǒ dé le duōshǎo fēn? [Pinyin]
    What's my score?
    攞高分/𫽋高分 [Cantonese]  ―  lo2 gou1 fan1 [Jyutping]  ―  to get high marks
  11. one tenth
  12. [from 19th c., officially from 1981 (PRC), 1985 (ROC)] deci- (SI unit prefix)
  13. (numismatics) 0.01 yuan (or dollars, etc.); fen; cent
  14. (Shanghainese, slang) ten yuan (or dollars, etc.) (Classifier: 張/张 w)
  15. (Shanghainese, by extension) money
    還分/还分 [Shanghainese]  ―  6we 1fen [Wugniu]  ―  to return money
  16. one tenth of a 寸 (a unit of length)
    1. (Hong Kong) fan, legally defined as 0.00371475 metres
    2. (Mainland China) Short for 市分, equivalent to 0.33 cm
  17. one tenth of a 畝 (a unit of area)
  18. a candareen (a unit of weight), one tenth of a 錢/钱 (qián, “mace”), and equal to ten 釐 (lí, “cash”)
  19. (historical) an ancient small unit of time
  20. (Hokkien) to adopt (a child)
  21. (Taiwanese Hokkien) to beg (ask for food or money as charity)
Synonyms
  • (to divide):
  • (to distribute):
  • (to distribute):
  • (to break up): 分手 (fēnshǒu)
  • (to give):
  • (by):
  • (to beg for food or money):
  • (cent):
See also
  • (unit of length): 丈 (zhàng), 尺 (chǐ), 寸 (cùn)
SI prefix
Last Next
n/a 分 釐

Compounds

Descendants

  • → Thai: หุน (hǔn, “a unit of length and weight”)
  • → Zhuang: faen

Pronunciation 2



Rime
Character 分
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 並 (3)
Final (韻) 文 (59)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) III
Fanqie 扶問切
Baxter bjunH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/bɨunH/
Pan
Wuyun
/biunH/
Shao
Rongfen
/biuənH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/bunH/
Li
Rong
/biuənH/
Wang
Li
/bĭuənH/
Bernard
Karlgren
/bʱi̯uənH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
fèn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
fan6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 分
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
fèn
Middle
Chinese
‹ bjunH ›
Old
Chinese
/*[m]-pə[n]-s/
English alloted duty

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 分
Reading # 2/2
No. 3191
Phonetic
component
分
Rime
group
文
Rime
subdivision
1
Corresponding
MC rime
分
Old
Chinese
/*bɯns/

Definitions

分

  1. part; share; portion
  2. ingredient; component
  3. duty; responsibility
  4. status; standing
  5. lot; fate; destiny
  6. mutual affection
  7. Alternative form of 份 (fèn, “classifier”)
  8. Short for 分之 (fēn zhī).
Usage notes

Many of the senses are now written with the specialised character 份 (fèn).

Synonyms
  • (ingredient): 成分 (chéngfèn)

Compounds

  • 一分子
  • 一部分 (yībùfen)
  • 不分 (bùfēn)
  • 不安分
  • 不安本分
  • 不守本分
  • 不知分限
  • 不良分子
  • 交分
  • 保全處分/保全处分
  • 保安處分/保安处分
  • 便宜處分/便宜处分
  • 做分上
  • 假處分/假处分
  • 充分 (chōngfèn)
  • 充分就業/充分就业
  • 全分
  • 出分子
  • 分上
  • 分兒/分儿
  • 分內/分内 (fènnèi)
  • 分內事/分内事
  • 分外 (fènwài)
  • 分外夭夭
  • 分外眼紅/分外眼红
  • 分子
  • 分定
  • 分淺緣慳/分浅缘悭
  • 分淺緣薄/分浅缘薄
  • 分緣/分缘 (fènyuán)
  • 分義/分义
  • 分薄緣慳/分薄缘悭
  • 分資/分资
  • 分量
  • 分際/分际 (fènjì)
  • 半師之分/半师之分
  • 危險分子/危险分子
  • 去就之分
  • 句子成分
  • 右翼分子 (yòuyì fènzǐ)
  • 名分 (míngfèn)
  • 命分
  • 地分
  • 堂分姑娘
  • 壞分子/坏分子 (huàifènzǐ)
  • 多分 (duōfēn)
  • 夠分量/够分量
  • 大分 (dàfèn)
  • 大部分 (dàbùfèn)
  • 天分 (tiānfèn)
  • 契分
  • 嫌疑分子
  • 守分 (shǒufèn)
  • 安分 (ānfèn)
  • 安分守己 (ānfènshǒujǐ)
  • 安分守紀/安分守纪
  • 安守本分
  • 定分
  • 宵分
  • 年分
  • 引分
  • 強制處分/强制处分
  • 後加成分/后加成分
  • 待時守分/待时守分
  • 循分
  • 志分
  • 性分
  • 恰如其分 (qiàrúqífèn)
  • 恐怖分子 (kǒngbùfènzǐ)
  • 應分/应分
  • 應繼分/应继分
  • 懲戒處分/惩戒处分
  • 成分 (chéngfèn)
  • 房分
  • 房分兄弟
  • 才分 (cáifèn)
  • 投分
  • 投機分子/投机分子 (tóujī fènzǐ)
  • 拿身分
  • 掌燈時分/掌灯时分
  • 搭分兒/搭分儿
  • 摻分子/掺分子
  • 撚分子
  • 明分
  • 易刑處分/易刑处分
  • 時分/时分
  • 月分
  • 月分牌
  • 有分
  • 有分兒/有分儿
  • 有分教
  • 本分 (běnfèn)
  • 本分事
  • 本分錢/本分钱
  • 本本分分
  • 核心分子
  • 極端分子/极端分子 (jíduān fènzǐ)
  • 止足之分
  • 水分 (shuǐfèn)
  • 活分
  • 活動分子/活动分子 (huódòng fènzǐ)
  • 涯分
  • 湊分子/凑分子
  • 潛伏分子/潜伏分子
  • 熟分
  • 狂熱分子/狂热分子
  • 甘分
  • 甘分隨時/甘分随时
  • 甘貧守分/甘贫守分
  • 生分 (shēngfèn)
  • 生死分定
  • 界分 (jièfèn)
  • 盡本分/尽本分
  • 省分 (shěngfèn)
  • 知識分子/知识分子
  • 矯正處分/矫正处分
  • 破分
  • 科分
  • 積極分子/积极分子 (jījí fènzǐ)
  • 竭分
  • 糖分 (tángfèn)
  • 緊急處分/紧急处分
  • 緣分/缘分 (yuánfèn)
  • 緣慳分淺/缘悭分浅
  • 義分/义分
  • 職分/职分 (zhífèn)
  • 肥分
  • 腐化分子
  • 自分 (zìfèn)
  • 菁英分子
  • 薄分
  • 處分/处分 (chǔfèn)
  • 行政處分/行政处分
  • 討分上/讨分上
  • 說分上/说分上
  • 諳分/谙分
  • 身分 (shēnfèn)
  • 身分認證/身分认证
  • 身分證/身分证 (shēnfènzhèng)
  • 逾分 (yúfèn)
  • 過分/过分 (guòfèn)
  • 部分法
  • 重要分子
  • 附加成分
  • 隨分/随分
  • 雙重身分/双重身分
  • 非分 (fēifèn)
  • 面分
  • 額分/额分
  • 養分/养分 (yǎngfèn)
  • 香分
  • 鬥分子/斗分子
  • 鹽分/盐分 (yánfèn)
  • 鹽分地帶/盐分地带
  • 黃昏時分/黄昏时分
  • 鼎元之分

Further reading

Japanese

Shinjitai 分
Kyūjitai
[1][2][3]

分󠄁
分+&#xE0101;?
(Adobe-Japan1)
分󠄃
分+&#xE0103;?
(Hanyo-Denshi)
(Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
See here for details.

Kanji

分

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

From Middle Chinese 分 (MC pjun); compare Mandarin 分 (fēn):

From Middle Chinese 分 (MC bjunH); compare Mandarin 分 (fèn):

From native Japanese roots:

Compounds

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
分
ふん
Grade: 2
on’yomi

/pun/ → /fun/

From Middle Chinese 分 (MC pjun, “a minute”).

Pronunciation

Counter

分(ふん) • (-fun) 

  1. minutes (duration)

Noun

分(ふん) • (fun) 

  1. a minute (unit of time)
  2. a minute (unit of angle)
Usage notes

When preceded by a number, the reading changes depending on the phonetic context.

Japanese number-counter combinations for 分(ふん) (fun)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 What time?
一(いっ)分(ぷん) (ippun) 二(に)分(ふん) (nifun) 三(さん)分(ぷん) (sanpun)
三(さん)分(ふん) (sanfun)
四(よん)分(ぷん) (yonpun)
四(よん)分(ふん) (yonfun)
五(ご)分(ふん) (gofun) 六(ろっ)分(ぷん) (roppun) 七(なな)分(ふん) (nanafun)
七(しち)分(ふん) (shichifun)
八(はっ)分(ぷん) (happun)
八(はち)分(ふん) (hachifun)
九(きゅう)分(ふん) (kyūfun) 十(じゅっ)分(ぷん) (juppun)
十(じっ)分(ぷん) (jippun)
何(なん)分(ぷん) (nanpun)
何(なん)分(ふん) (nanfun)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
分
ぶん
Grade: 2
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 分 (MC bjunH, “a minute”).

Pronunciation

Noun

分(ぶん) • (bun) 

  1. a part, a share, a portion
    このケーキは君(きみ)の分(ぶん)だよ。
    Kono kēki wa kimi no bun da yo.
    This piece of cake is your portion.
    一年(いちねん)分(ぶん)のレタス
    ichinen-bun no retasu
    one year's worth of lettuce

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
分
ぶ
Grade: 2
on’yomi

/bun/ → /bu/

Shift from bun above, with influence on the meaning from the Middle Chinese sense tied to original Middle Chinese reading /pɨun/.

Pronunciation

Noun

分(ぶ) • (bu) 

  1. an obsolete unit of currency equal to four 両(りょう) (ryō) and to ten 釐(りん) (rin)

References

  1. Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 282 (paper), page 191 (digital)
  2. Shōundō Henshūjo, editor (1927), 新漢和辞典 [The New Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Ōsaka: Shōundō, →DOI, page 208 (paper), page 116 (digital)
  3. 白川静 (Shirakawa Shizuka) (2014) “分”, in 字通 (Jitsū)‎ (in Japanese), popular edition, Tōkyō: Heibonsha, →ISBN
  4. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Etymology 1

From Middle Chinese 分 (MC pjun).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448분 (Yale: pwùn)
Middle Korean
TextEumhun
Gloss (hun)Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527ᄂᆞᆫ홀〮 (Yale: nònhwól)분 (Yale: pwùn)

Pronunciation

Hanja

Wikisource 分 (eumhun 나눌 분 (nanul bun))

  1. Hanja form? of 분 (“to divide”).
  2. Hanja form? of 분 (“to distribute”).
  3. Hanja form? of 분 (“to distinguish”).
  4. Hanja form? of 분 (“fraction”).
  5. Hanja form? of 분 (“minute (unit of time)”).

Compounds

Etymology 2

From Middle Chinese 分 (MC bjunH).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448뿐〮 (Yale: ppwún)
Early Modern Korean
TextEumhun
Gloss (hun)Reading
Juhae Cheonjamun, 1804분수 (bunsu)분 (bun)

Pronunciation

  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [pu(ː)n]
  • Phonetic hangul: [분(ː)]
    • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

分 (eumhun 분수(分數) 분 (bunsu bun))

  1. Hanja form? of 분 (“part; portion”).
  2. Hanja form? of 분 (“component”).
  3. Hanja form? of 분 (“status; standing”).
  4. Hanja form? of 분 (“mutual affection”).
  5. Hanja form? of 분 (“duty; responsibility”).

Compounds

References

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

分: Hán Việt readings: phân, phần, phận

  1. chữ Hán form of phân (“divide”).
  2. chữ Hán form of phần (“part”).
  3. chữ Hán form of phận (“role”).

Compounds

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