to confer; to grant; to seal to confer; to grant; to seal; (a measure word) |
border; boundary | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| simp. and trad. (封疆) |
封 | 疆 | |
| Rime | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Character | 封 | 封 | 疆 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 幫 (1) | 幫 (1) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 鍾 (7) | 鍾 (7) | 陽 (105) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Departing (H) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III | III |
| Fanqie | 府容切 | 方用切 | 居良切 |
| Baxter | pjowng | pjowngH | kjang |
| Reconstructions | |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/pɨoŋ/ | /pɨoŋH/ | /kɨɐŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/pioŋ/ | /pioŋH/ | /kiɐŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/pioŋ/ | /pioŋH/ | /kiɑŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/puawŋ/ | /puawŋH/ | /kɨaŋ/ |
| Li Rong |
/pioŋ/ | /pioŋH/ | /kiaŋ/ |
| Wang Li |
/pĭwoŋ/ | /pĭwoŋH/ | /kĭaŋ/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/pi̯woŋ/ | /pi̯woŋH/ | /ki̯aŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
fēng | fèng | jiāng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex |
fung1 | fung3 | goeng1 |
| Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 封 | 疆 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
fēng | jiāng |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ pjowng › | ‹ kjang › |
| Old Chinese |
/*p(r)oŋ/ | /*kaŋ/ |
| English | raise a mound; enfeoff | boundary |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | ||
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Character | 封 | 封 | 疆 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 | 1/1 |
| No. | 3253 | 3259 | 6261 |
| Phonetic component |
封 | 封 | 畺 |
| Rime group |
東 | 東 | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision |
0 | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
封 | 葑 | 薑 |
| Old Chinese |
/*poŋ/ | /*poŋs/ | /*kaŋ/ |
| Notes | 甲文同豐金文加又或寸轉註， 表封土植木爲封疆 |
同畺 | |