患

患 U+60A3, 患
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-60A3
← 悢
[U+60A2]
CJK Unified Ideographs 悤 →
[U+60A4]

Translingual

Han character

患 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+7, 11 strokes, cangjie input 中中心 (LLP), four-corner 50336, composition ⿱串心)

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 388, character 16
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10691
  • Dae Jaweon: page 721, character 8
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2300, character 9
  • Unihan data for U+60A3

Chinese

simp. and trad.
患
alternative forms 𢠶
𢤒

Glyph origin

Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *ɡroːns) : phonetic 串 (OC *kroːns, *kʰjons) + semantic 心 (“heart”).

Since Shuowen does not have the character 串, it interprets the character as phonetic 吅 (OC *qʰon, *sqʰon, *sɢoŋs) + semantic 丨 + semantic 心 (“heart”) – to pierce through something from the heart. Duan Yucai claims in his commentary that older copies of Shuowen actually have phonetic 毌 (OC *koːn, *koːns, “to pierce through”) + semantic 心 (“heart”) instead.

Pronunciation


Note:
  • huam6 - Chaozhou;
  • huang6 - Shantou, Chenghai, Raoping, Puning.

    Rime
    Character 患
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 匣 (33)
    Final (韻) 刪 (70)
    Tone (調) Departing (H)
    Openness (開合) Closed
    Division (等) II
    Fanqie 胡慣切
    Baxter hwaenH
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang
    /ɦˠuanH/
    Pan
    Wuyun
    /ɦʷᵚanH/
    Shao
    Rongfen
    /ɣuɐnH/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank
    /ɦwaɨnH/
    Li
    Rong
    /ɣuanH/
    Wang
    Li
    /ɣwanH/
    Bernard
    Karlgren
    /ɣwanH/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex
    huàn
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex
    waan6
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 患
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)
    huàn
    Middle
    Chinese
    ‹ hwænH ›
    Old
    Chinese
    /*[ɡ]ˁro[n]-s/
    English calamity; distress

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 患
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 5364
    Phonetic
    component
    患
    Rime
    group
    元
    Rime
    subdivision
    3
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    患
    Old
    Chinese
    /*ɡroːns/
    Notes 本從串(毌)聲

    Definitions

    患

    1. to contract (an illness); to suffer from; to be afflicted with
    2. (literary, or in compounds) disease; illness
    3. (literary, or in compounds) to worry; to feel anxious
    4. (literary, or in compounds) disaster; calamity; catastrophe

    Synonyms

    • (to contract an illness):
    • (disease):
    • (to worry):
    • (disaster):

    Compounds

    Further reading

    Japanese

    Kanji

    患

    (common “Jōyō” kanji)

    1. afflicted

    Readings

    Etymology

    Kanji in this term
    患
    かん
    Grade: S
    on’yomi

    From Middle Chinese 患 (MC hwaenH).

    Pronunciation

    Affix

    患(かん) • (kan) ←くわん (kwan)?

    1. worry; suffer
    2. afflicted

    Noun

    患(かん) • (kan) ←くわん (kwan)?

    1. trouble; worries; pain
    2. illness; sickness

    References

    1. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

    Korean

    Etymology

    (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

    Pronunciation

    Hanja

    Wikisource 患 (eumhun 근심 환 (geunsim hwan))

    1. Hanja form? of 환 (“worry”).

    Vietnamese

    Han character

    患: Hán Nôm readings: hoạn

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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