棟

See also: 栋 and 楝

棟	U+68DF, 棟 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-68DF

← 棞
[U+68DE]

CJK Unified Ideographs

棠 →
[U+68E0]

Translingual

Han character

棟 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+8, 12 strokes, cangjie input 木木田 (DDW), four-corner 4599₆, composition ⿰木東)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 533, character 10

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14949

Dae Jaweon: page 921, character 9

Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1227, character 5

Unihan data for U+68DF

Chinese

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (東) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
東	*toːŋ
菄	*toːŋ
鶇	*toːŋ
倲	*toːŋ
涷	toːŋ, toːŋs
蝀	toːŋ, toːŋʔ
凍	toːŋ, toːŋs
鯟	*toːŋ
崠	*toːŋ
埬	*toːŋ
棟	*toːŋs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *toːŋs) : semantic 木 (“wood”) + phonetic 東 (OC *toːŋ).

Etymology 1

trad.		棟
simp.		栋

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): dòng (dong⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄉㄨㄥˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): dung³, dung⁶
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): tòng / tàng / tiòng

(Teochew, Peng'im): dong³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: dòng
  - Zhuyin: ㄉㄨㄥˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: dòng
  - Wade–Giles: tung⁴
  - Yale: dùng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: donq
  - Palladius: дун (dun)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʊŋ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: dung³, dung⁶
  - Yale: dung, duhng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dung³, dung⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: dung³, dung⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʊŋ³³/, /tʊŋ²²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tòng
  - Tâi-lô: tòng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: doxng
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /tɔŋ⁴¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /tɔŋ¹¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /tɔŋ²¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tàng
  - Tâi-lô: tàng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: daxng
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /taŋ²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /taŋ¹¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /taŋ⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiòng
  - Tâi-lô: tiòng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: dioxng
  - IPA (Taipei): /tiɔŋ¹¹/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /tiɔŋ²¹/

Note:

tòng - literary;
tàng - vernacular.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: dong³
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tòng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /toŋ²¹³/

Middle Chinese: tuwngH

Rime
Character	棟
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	端 (5)
Final (韻)	東 (1)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	多貢切
Baxter	tuwngH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/tuŋ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/tuŋ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/tuŋ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/təwŋ^H/
Li Rong	/tuŋ^H/
Wang Li	/tuŋ^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/tuŋ^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	dòng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	dung³

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*toːŋs/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	棟
Reading #	1/1
No.	2448
Phonetic component	東
Rime group	東
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	涷
Old Chinese	/*toːŋs/

Definitions

棟

main beam supporting a house; ridgepole
(literary) house; building
Classifier for buildings. ⇒ all nouns using this classifier
(figurative) important person; pillars of the state
- 子於鄭國，棟也。棟折榱崩，僑將厭焉，敢不盡言？ [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  子于郑国，栋也。栋折榱崩，侨将厌焉，敢不尽言？ [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4^th century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
  Zǐ yú Zhèng guó, dòng yě. Dòng zhé cuī bēng, qiáo jiāng yàn yān, gǎn bù jìnyán? [Pinyin]
  You are the main support of the State of Zheng. If the main support be broken, the rafters will tumble down. I shall be crushed beneath them, and I must therefore speak out all my mind.
(Sichuanese) mountain ridge; mountain peak
a surname: Dong

Synonyms

(house):

住宅 (zhùzhái)
住屋 (zhùwū)
住房 (zhùfáng)
住所 (zhùsuǒ)
住處／住处 (zhùchù)
宅第 (⁸zaq-di) (Wu)
宅舍 (zháishè) (literary)
宮／宫 (gōng) (archaic)
家室 (jiāshì)
宮室／宫室 (gōngshì) (archaic)
家居 (jiājū)
家屋 (jiāwū) (literary)
寓 (yù) (literary, or in compounds)
寓所 (yùsuǒ) (formal)
居室 (jūshì)
居所 (jūsuǒ)
屋子 (wūzi) (colloquial)
屋宇 (wūyǔ) (literary)
屋舍 (wūshè) (literary or Hakka)
房子 (fángzi)
房宇 (fángyǔ) (literary)
房屋 (fángwū)
房舍 (fángshè) (literary)

Compounds

棟梁之材
棟樑／栋梁 (dòngliáng)
棟篤笑／栋笃笑

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 棟 – see 戙 (“Cantonese: to make erect”). (This character is a variant form of 戙).

References

蓝勇. 第十三章：历史时期西南综合文化区的划分. 《西南历史文化地理》. 西南师范大学出版社. 1997. →ISBN.

Japanese

Kanji in this term
棟
とう Grade: S
on’yomi

Kanji in this term
棟
むね Grade: S
kun’yomi

Kanji

棟

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings

Go-on: つ (tsu); つう (tsū)
Kan-on: とう (tō, Jōyō)
Kun: むね (mune, 棟, Jōyō); むな (muna, 棟, Jōyō ^†)

Counter

棟(とう) or 棟(むね) • (-tō or -mune)

buildings

Synonyms

戸(こ) (ko)
軒(けん) (ken)

Noun

棟(とう) • (tō)

large building

棟(むね) • (mune)

ridge of a roof

Suffix

棟(とう) • (-tō)

building

Korean

Hanja

棟 • (dong) (hangeul 동, revised dong, McCune–Reischauer tong, Yale tong)

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Tày

Han character

棟 (transliteration needed)

Nôm form of đông.

References

Lục Văn Pảo, Hoàng Tuấn Nam (2003) Hoàng Triều Ân, editor, Từ điển chữ Nôm Tày [A Dictionary of (chữ) Nôm Tày]‎ (in Vietnamese), Hanoi: Nhà xuất bản Khoa học Xã hội

Vietnamese

Han character

棟: Hán Nôm readings: đống

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