溶

See also: 浴

溶	U+6EB6, 溶 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6EB6

← 溵
[U+6EB5]

CJK Unified Ideographs

溷 →
[U+6EB7]

Translingual

Han character

溶 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+10, 13 strokes, cangjie input 水十金口 (EJCR), four-corner 3316₈, composition ⿰氵容)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 641, character 4
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17983
Dae Jaweon: page 1048, character 12
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1708, character 9
Unihan data for U+6EB6

Chinese

simp. and trad.		溶

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (谷) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
螸	*lo
裕	*loɡs
容	*loŋ
溶	loŋ, loŋʔ
鎔	*loŋ
蓉	*loŋ
傛	loŋ, loŋʔ
褣	*loŋ
搈	*loŋ
瑢	*loŋ
嵱	*loŋ
熔	*loŋ
榕	*loŋ
塎	*loŋʔ
谷	ɦkroːɡ, kloːɡ, *ɡ·loːɡ
唂	*kloːɡ
焀	*ɡloːɡ
俗	*ljoɡ
欲	*loɡ
浴	*loɡ
鵒	*loɡ
峪	*ɦkloːɡ
鋊	*loɡ
輍	*loɡ
慾	*loɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *loŋ, *loŋʔ) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 容 (OC *loŋ)

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “What relation is there between 融, 鎔, 熔, and 溶?”)

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): róng (rong²)

(Zhuyin): ㄖㄨㄥˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): jung⁴
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yùng
Eastern Min (BUC): ṳ̀ng
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): iûⁿ / iôⁿ / iông / iâuⁿ

(Teochew, Peng'im): ion⁵ / iên⁵

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: róng
  - Zhuyin: ㄖㄨㄥˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: róng
  - Wade–Giles: jung²
  - Yale: rúng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: rong
  - Palladius: жун (žun)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʐʊŋ³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: jung⁴
  - Yale: yùhng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jung⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: yung⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jʊŋ²¹/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yùng
  - Hakka Romanization System: iungˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yung²
  - Sinological IPA: /i̯uŋ¹¹/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yùng
  - Hakka Romanization System: (r)iungˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yung²
  - Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯uŋ¹¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: ṳ̀ng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /yŋ⁵³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iûⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: iûnn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: viuu
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /iũ²³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Taipei, Xiamen): /iũ²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iôⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: iônn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: viooi
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /iɔ̃¹³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iông
  - Tâi-lô: iông
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ioong
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /iɔŋ¹³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Taipei): /iɔŋ²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /iɔŋ²³/
- (Hokkien: Penang)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iâuⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: iâunn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: viaau
  - IPA (Penang): /iãu²³/

Note:

iûⁿ/iôⁿ - vernacular;
iông - literary.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: ion⁵ / iên⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: iôⁿ / iêⁿ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ĩõ⁵⁵/, /ĩẽ⁵⁵/

Note:

ion5 - Shantou;
iên5 - Chaozhou.

Middle Chinese: yowng, yowngX

Rime
Character	溶	溶
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	以 (36)	以 (36)
Final (韻)	鍾 (7)	鍾 (7)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	餘封切	余隴切
Baxter	yowng	yowngX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/jɨoŋ/	/jɨoŋ^X/
Pan Wuyun	/jioŋ/	/jioŋ^X/
Shao Rongfen	/ioŋ/	/ioŋ^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/juawŋ/	/juawŋ^X/
Li Rong	/ioŋ/	/ioŋ^X/
Wang Li	/jĭwoŋ/	/jĭwoŋ^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/i̯woŋ/	/i̯woŋ^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yóng	yǒng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jung⁴	jung⁵

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*loŋ/, /*loŋʔ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	溶	溶
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	4285	4296
Phonetic component	谷	谷
Rime group	東	東
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	容	勇
Old Chinese	/*loŋ/	/*loŋʔ/

Definitions

溶

to dissolve; to melt; to disintegrate chemically into a solution by immersion in a liquid
(literary, of water) grand; broad
soluble

Synonyms

(to dissolve): 溶解 (róngjiě)

Antonyms

(antonym(s) of “to dissolve”): 凝結／凝结 (níngjié)

Compounds

不溶
可溶性 (kěróngxìng)
岩溶 (yánróng)
暖溶溶
氣態溶液／气态溶液
汗溶溶
沇溶
河溶 (Héróng)
液態溶液／液态溶液
溶入 (róngrù)
溶劑／溶剂 (róngjì)
溶化 (rónghuà)
溶合
溶媒 (róngméi)
溶氧量
溶液 (róngyè)
溶溶 (róngróng)
溶溶洩洩／溶溶泄泄
溶溶脈脈／溶溶脉脉
溶溶蕩蕩／溶溶荡荡
溶㵝
溶蝕／溶蚀
溶解 (róngjiě)
溶解度 (róngjiědù)
溶解熱／溶解热 (róngjiěrè)
溶質／溶质 (róngzhì)
澒溶／𭱊溶
真溶液
飽和溶液／饱和溶液

Japanese

Kanji

溶

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

to dissolve; to melt

Readings

Go-on: ゆう (yū)^{←ゆう (yuu, historical)}
Kan-on: よう (yō, Jōyō)^{←よう (you, historical)}
Kun: とく (toku, 溶く, Jōyō); とかす (tokasu, 溶かす, Jōyō); とける (tokeru, 溶ける, Jōyō)

Compounds

溶(よう)暗(あん) (yōan)
溶(よう)溢(いつ) (yōitsu)
溶(よう)液(えき) (yōeki)
溶(よう)化(か) (yōka) (熔(よう)化(か))
溶(よう)解(かい) (yōkai) (熔(よう)解(かい), 鎔(よう)解(かい))
溶(よう)岩(がん) (yōgan) (熔(よう)岩(がん))
溶(よう)菌(きん) (yōkin)
溶(よう)血(けつ) (yōketsu)
溶(よう)鉱(こう)炉(ろ) (yōkōro) (鎔(よう)鉱(こう)炉(ろ))
溶(よう)滓(さい) (yōsai) (鎔(よう)滓(さい))
溶(よう)滓(し) (yōshi) (鎔(よう)滓(し))
溶(よう)質(しつ) (yōshitsu)
溶(よう)射(しゃ) (yōsha)
溶(よう)出(しゅつ) (yōshutsu)
溶(よう)食(しょく), 溶(よう)蝕(しょく) (yōshoku)
溶(よう)接(せつ) (yōsetsu) (熔(よう)接(せつ))
溶(よう)銑(せん) (yōsen) (鎔(よう)銑(せん))
溶(よう)然(ぜん) (yōzen)
溶(よう)体(たい) (yōtai)
溶(よう)断(だん) (yōdan)
溶(よう)着(ちゃく) (yōchaku) (熔(よう)着(ちゃく))
溶(よう)媒(ばい) (yōbai)
溶(よう)明(めい) (yōmei)
溶(よう)冶(や) (yōya) (鎔(よう)冶(や))
溶(よう)融(ゆう) (yōyū) (熔(よう)融(ゆう))
溶(よう)溶(よう) (yōyō)
溶(よう)漾(よう) (yōyō)
溶(よう)錬(れん) (yōren) (熔(よう)錬(れん))
溶(よう)炉(ろ) (yōro) (熔(よう)炉(ろ))
溶(よう)和(わ) (yōwa) (熔(よう)和(わ))
鴻(こう)溶(よう) (kōyō)
紛(ふん)溶(よう) (fun'yō)
悠溶
游(ゆう)溶(よう) (yūyō)
揺溶

Etymology

Kanji in this term
溶
よう Grade: S
kan’on

From Middle Chinese 溶 (MC yowngX).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [jo̞ː]

Affix

溶(よう) • (yō)

to melt, dissolve, thaw

References

白川静 (Shirakawa Shizuka) (2014) “溶”, in 字通 (Jitsū)‎ (in Japanese), popular edition, Tōkyō: Heibonsha, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

溶 (eum 용 (yong))

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

溶: Hán Nôm readings: dung

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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