欲

See also: 慾
欲 U+6B32, 欲
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6B32
← 欱
[U+6B31]
CJK Unified Ideographs 欳 →
[U+6B33]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

欲 (Kangxi radical 76, 欠+7, 11 strokes, cangjie input 金口弓人 (CRNO), four-corner 87682, composition ⿰谷欠)

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 567, character 36
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 16080
  • Dae Jaweon: page 956, character 10
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2140, character 7
  • Unihan data for U+6B32

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 欲
Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *loɡ) : phonetic 谷 (OC *ɦkroːɡ, *kloːɡ, *ɡ·loːɡ) + semantic 欠.

Etymology 1

simp. and trad.
欲
alternative forms 𡟔
俗

Sino-Tibetan. Compare Burmese လို (lui, “to want; to desire”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Alternatively, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-ju(w) (“to ask; to request”), whence Tibetan ཞུ (zhu, “to request”) (ibid.).

Pronunciation



  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 欲
Mandarin Beijing /y⁵¹/
Harbin /y⁵³/
Tianjin /y⁵³/
Jinan /y²¹/
Qingdao /y⁴²/
Zhengzhou /y³¹²/
Xi'an /y²¹/
Xining /y⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /y¹³/
Lanzhou /y¹³/
Ürümqi /y²¹³/
Wuhan /iəu²¹³/
Chengdu /yo³¹/
/y¹³/
Guiyang /iu²¹/
Kunming /iu³¹/
Nanjing /ʐuʔ⁵/
Hefei /yəʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /yəʔ⁵⁴/
Pingyao /yʌʔ¹³/
Hohhot /yəʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /ɦioʔ¹/
/ɦyɪʔ¹/
Suzhou /ɦioʔ³/
Hangzhou /ɦyəʔ²/
Wenzhou /jo²¹³/
Hui Shexian /iuʔ²¹/
Tunxi
Xiang Changsha /ʐəu²⁴/
Xiangtan /iəɯ²⁴/
Gan Nanchang
Hakka Meixian /iuk̚⁵/
Taoyuan /ʒot̚⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /jok̚²/
Nanning /juk̚²²/
Hong Kong /jok̚²/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /iɔk̚⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /yʔ⁵/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /y⁴⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /iok̚⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /zok̚⁵/
/hau³⁵/ 訓好

Rime
Character 欲
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 以 (36)
Final (韻) 燭 (8)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 余蜀切
Baxter yowk
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/jɨok̚/
Pan
Wuyun
/jiok̚/
Shao
Rongfen
/iok̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/juawk̚/
Li
Rong
/iok̚/
Wang
Li
/jĭwok̚/
Bernard
Karlgren
/i̯wok̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
yù
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
juk6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 欲
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
yù
Middle
Chinese
‹ yowk ›
Old
Chinese
/*ɢ(r)ok/
English desire (v.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 欲
Reading # 1/1
No. 4303
Phonetic
component
谷
Rime
group
屋
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
欲
Old
Chinese
/*loɡ/

Definitions

欲

  1. wish; desire
    口腹之欲  ―  kǒufùzhīyù  ―  desire to eat
    控制欲  ―  kòngzhì yù  ―  desire to control
    權力欲/权力欲  ―  quánlì yù  ―  desire for power
  2. to wish; to desire; to want
  3. about to
    搖搖欲墜/摇摇欲坠  ―  yáoyáoyùzhuì  ―  tottering (literally, “shaking or swaying as if about to collapse”)

Compounds

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 欲 – see 慾 (“desire; lust”).
(This character is the simplified and variant traditional form of 慾).
Notes:

Etymology 3

simp. and trad.
欲
alternative forms
 
覓/觅
卜
發/发
勃 Eastern Min
剝/剥 Eastern Min
覓/觅
卜
發/发
勃 Eastern Min
剝/剥 Eastern Min
憋 Hainanese

From the grammaticalization of 發 (OC *pad, “to send out; to go forth; to proceed”) (Tu, 2017).

Pronunciation


Definitions

欲

  1. (Eastern Min, Hokkien, Hainanese) to want (to do)
    你欲佮我去圖書館無? [Hokkien, trad.]
    你欲佮我去图书馆无? [Hokkien, simp.]
    Lí beh kah góa khì tô͘-su-koán bô? [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
    Do you want to go to the library with me?
  2. (Hokkien) to wish to have or keep
    我欲新的冊。 [Hokkien, trad.]
    我欲新的册。 [Hokkien, simp.]
    Góa beh sin ê chheh. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
    I want a new book.
  3. (Eastern Min, Hokkien) about to
    欲落雨矣,咱著出去收衫。 [Hokkien, trad.]
    欲落雨矣,咱着出去收衫。 [Hokkien, simp.]
    Beh lo̍h-hō͘--ah, lán tio̍h chhut-khì siu-saⁿ. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
    It's about to rain! Let's go out to bring in the laundry.
  4. (Hokkien, Hainanese) if
    欲我,我就會較早睏。 [Hokkien, trad.]
    欲我,我就会较早困。 [Hokkien, simp.]
    Beh góa, góa tō ē khah-chá khùn. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
    If I were you, I would've slept earlier.
Synonyms
  • (to wish to have or keep): 要 (yāo); (Hokkien) 欲挃

Compounds

Etymology 4

simp. and trad.
欲

Pronunciation


Definitions

欲

  1. (Eastern Min, Southern Min) Alternative form of 愛/爱
    1. (Eastern Min, Hokkien) to like
    2. (Teochew) to want (an object)
    3. (Eastern Min, Hokkien, Teochew) to want (to do); to wish
    4. (Hokkien, Teochew) to need to; must
    5. (Teochew) about to
    6. (Eastern Min, Hokkien) to be prone; to be easy to

See also

References

Japanese

Kanji

欲

(grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. want

Readings

Usage notes

This character was sometimes used to phonetically transcribe the Old Japanese word for “night” (yo). [cf. Manyōshū : 4134]

Compounds

Etymology

Kanji in this term
欲
よく
Grade: 6
Alternative spelling
慾

Attested from the thirteenth century.[1]

Pronunciation

  • (Tokyo) よく​ [yòkúꜜ] (Odaka – [2])
  • IPA(key): [jo̞kɯ̟ᵝ]

Noun

欲(よく) • (yoku) 

  1. desire, a want, that which is wanted
    Synonym: 欲望 (yokubō)
    欲(よく)を言(い)うと
    yoku o iu to
    ideally; if one were to ask for one's desire
  2. greed, avarice
    Synonym: 強欲 (gōyoku)
    欲(よく)の塊(かたまり)
    yoku no katamari
    greed incarnate; a lump of avarice
  3. ambition, will
    Synonym: 意欲 (iyoku)
    欲(よく)を出(だ)せ
    yoku o dase
    aim high; show ambition

References

  1. Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

欲 (eumhun 바랄 욕 (baral yok))

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Vietnamese

Han character

欲: Hán Nôm readings: dục, giục

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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