阿荔散

Chinese

		phonetic
trad. (阿荔散)		阿	荔	散
simp. ^#(阿荔散)		阿	荔	散

Etymology

Phonetic borrowing from Pali, variously in the form of alasanda (Milindapañha) or alasaṇdā (Mahāvaṃsa), or from Gandhari [Term?] (Pulleyblank, 1999), which in turn derived from Ancient Greek Ἀλεξάνδρεια (Alexándreia). Chiefly attested in Buddhist literature. Doublet of 烏弋山離／乌弋山离 (Wūyìshānlí), 亚历山大 (yàlìshāndà).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): Ālìsǎn, Ālìsàn

(Zhuyin): ㄚㄌㄧˋ ㄙㄢˇ, ㄚㄌㄧˋ ㄙㄢˋ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: Ālìsǎn
  - Zhuyin: ㄚㄌㄧˋ ㄙㄢˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: Alìsǎn
  - Wade–Giles: A¹-li⁴-san³
  - Yale: Ā-lì-sǎn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Alihsaan
  - Palladius: Алисань (Alisanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ˀä⁵⁵ li⁵¹ sän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: Ālìsàn
  - Zhuyin: ㄚㄌㄧˋ ㄙㄢˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: Alìsàn
  - Wade–Giles: A¹-li⁴-san⁴
  - Yale: Ā-lì-sàn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Alihsann
  - Palladius: Алисань (Alisanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ˀä⁵⁵ li⁵¹⁻⁵³ sän⁵¹/

Middle Chinese: 'a ljeH|lejH sanX|sanH

Rime
Character	阿	荔	荔	散	散
Reading #	1/1	1/2	2/2	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	影 (34)	來 (37)	來 (37)	心 (16)	心 (16)
Final (韻)	歌 (94)	支 (11)	齊 (39)	寒 (61)	寒 (61)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)	Departing (H)	Rising (X)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open	Open	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	III	IV	I	I
Fanqie	烏何切	力智切	郎計切	蘇旱切	蘇旰切
Baxter	'a	ljeH	lejH	sanX	sanH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʔɑ/	/liᴇ^H/	/lei^H/	/sɑn^X/	/sɑn^H/
Pan Wuyun	/ʔɑ/	/liɛ^H/	/lei^H/	/sɑn^X/	/sɑn^H/
Shao Rongfen	/ʔɑ/	/ljɛ^H/	/lɛi^H/	/sɑn^X/	/sɑn^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʔa/	/liə̆^H/	/lɛj^H/	/san^X/	/san^H/
Li Rong	/ʔɑ/	/lie^H/	/lei^H/	/sɑn^X/	/sɑn^H/
Wang Li	/ɑ/	/lǐe^H/	/liei^H/	/sɑn^X/	/sɑn^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʔɑ/	/lie̯^H/	/liei^H/	/sɑn^X/	/sɑn^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	ē	lì	lì	sǎn	sàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	o¹	lei⁶	lai⁶	saan²	saan³

Proper noun

阿荔散

(historical) Alexandria; Alasanda (a common place name in the Hellenistic world)
- 那先問王：「王本生何國？」王言：「我本生大秦國，國名阿荔散。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  那先问王：「王本生何国？」王言：「我本生大秦国，国名阿荔散。」 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: c. 4th century, anonymous translator. Bhikkhu Nāgasena Sutta (《那先比丘經》), related to the Milinda Pañha text.
  Nàxiān wèn Wáng: “Wáng běnshēng héguó?” Wáng yán: “Wǒ běnshēng Dàqín guó, guó míng Ālìsàn.” [Pinyin]
  Nāgasena asks: "Where was Your Majesty born?" "I was born in Daqin, in a major city named Alexandria," says the King.

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