阿

See also: 䧁
阿 U+963F, 阿
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-963F
← 阾
[U+963E]
CJK Unified Ideographs 陀 →
[U+9640]

Translingual

Stroke order
8 strokes

Han character

阿 (Kangxi radical 170, 阜+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 弓中一弓口 (NLMNR), four-corner 71220, composition ⿰阝可)

Derived characters

Descendants

Further reading

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1348, character 6
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 41599
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1850, character 2
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4119, character 11
  • Unihan data for U+963F

Chinese

simp. and trad.
阿

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 阿
Warring States
Bronze inscriptions

Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *qaːl) : semantic 阜 + phonetic 可 (OC *kʰaːlʔ): Originally meaning a big mound.

Etymology 1

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ʔa(ŋ/k)- (“noun prefix”) (STEDT).

“atto-”
Borrowed from English atto-.

Pronunciation


Note: The zero initial /∅-/ is commonly pronounced with a ng-initial /ŋ-/ in some varieties of Cantonese, including Hong Kong Cantonese.
Note:
  • ă - vernacular;
  • ŏ̤ - literary.

Definitions

阿

  1. Prefix used in front of the surname or last character of someone’s given name to express familiarity or friendliness (traditionally used in rural or southern Chinese dialects).
    alt. forms: 亞/亚 dated, 牙 Hong Kong Cantonese neologism
    阿爸  ―  ābà  ―  dad
    阿扁  ―  Ā Biǎn  ―  Ah Bian (Chen Shui-bian)
    《阿Q正傳》/《阿Q正传》  ―  “Āqiū Zhèngzhuàn”  ―  The True Story of Ah Q
  2. (Hokkien, honorific) Prefix to rank seniority for kinship terms.
    阿兄 [Hokkien]  ―  a-hiaⁿ [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  eldest brother
  3. (Northern Wu, including Suzhounese) Interrogative particle
    倷阿姓趙? [Suzhounese, trad.]
    倷阿姓赵? [Suzhounese, simp.]
    From: 1993, 蘇州方言詞典, page 20
    Is your surname Chao?
  4. Alternative form of 啊 (ā, á, ǎ, à, a, “particle”)
  5. Short for 阿富汗 (Āfùhàn, “Afghanistan”).
  6. Short for 阿爾巴尼亞/阿尔巴尼亚 (Ā'ěrbāníyà, “Albania”).
  7. Short for 阿拉伯 (Ālābó, “Arabic”).
  8. atto- (SI unit prefix)

Compounds

See also

SI prefix
Last Next
飛/飞 (fēi) 阿 介/仄

Descendants

  • → English: Ah

Pronunciation


Note: The zero initial /∅-/ is commonly pronounced with a ng-initial /ŋ-/ in some varieties of Cantonese, including Hong Kong Cantonese.
Note:
  • Quanzhou:
    • o - vernacular;
    • o͘ - literary.

Rime
Character 阿
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 影 (34)
Final (韻) 歌 (94)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 烏何切
Baxter 'a
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ʔɑ/
Pan
Wuyun
/ʔɑ/
Shao
Rongfen
/ʔɑ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ʔa/
Li
Rong
/ʔɑ/
Wang
Li
/ɑ/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ʔɑ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
ē
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
o1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 阿 阿
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
ē ē
Middle
Chinese
‹ ʔa › ‹ ʔa ›
Old
Chinese
/*qˁa[j]/ /*ʔˁa/ (< *qˁaj)
English slope, river bank 阿會亘 ēhuìxuān: Skt. ābhāsvara “shining” (E. Hàn)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 阿
Reading # 1/1
No. 7468
Phonetic
component
可
Rime
group
歌
Rime
subdivision
1
Corresponding
MC rime
阿
Old
Chinese
/*qaːl/

Definitions

阿

  1. big mound; mountain
  2. hillside
  3. fine silks
  4. (literary, of a mountain or stream) bend; corner
  5. waterside
  6. nearby; near
  7. to flatter; to pander to
    阿諛奉承/阿谀奉承  ―  ēyúfèngchéng  ―  sweet-talking
  8. to be unfairly partial to
  9. Alternative form of 屙 (ē, “to excrete”)
  10. a surname

Compounds

  • 不阿 (bù'ē)
  • 依阿兩可/依阿两可
  • 依阿取容
  • 倒持泰阿
  • 偏阿
  • 剛正不阿/刚正不阿 (gāngzhèngbù'ē)
  • 卷阿
  • 執法不阿/执法不阿
  • 太阿 (tài'ē)
  • 太阿之柄
  • 太阿倒持 (Tài'ē dàochí)
  • 太阿在握
  • 奉公不阿
  • 守正不阿
  • 山阿
  • 崇阿
  • 打悲阿
  • 持正不阿
  • 方正不阿
  • 曲學阿世/曲学阿世 (qūxué'ēshì)
  • 柴立不阿
  • 歙漆阿膠/歙漆阿胶
  • 泰阿
  • 泰阿倒持
  • 纖阿/纤阿
  • 迎阿
  • 阿井
  • 阿保
  • 阿保之功
  • 阿保之勞/阿保之劳
  • 阿其所好
  • 阿匼
  • 阿好
  • 阿媚
  • 阿尊事貴/阿尊事贵
  • 阿屎
  • 阿巴桑
  • 阿彌陀佛/阿弥陀佛
  • 阿彌陀經/阿弥陀经
  • 阿意曲從/阿意曲从
  • 阿意順旨/阿意顺旨
  • 阿房
  • 阿房宮/阿房宫
  • 阿房宮賦/阿房宫赋
  • 阿是穴 (āshìxué)
  • 阿私
  • 阿膠/阿胶 (ējiāo)
  • 阿衡
  • 阿諂/阿谄 (ēchǎn)
  • 阿諛/阿谀 (ēyú)
  • 阿諛取容/阿谀取容
  • 阿諛奉承/阿谀奉承 (ēyúfèngchéng)
  • 阿諛趨奉/阿谀趋奉
  • 阿諛逢迎/阿谀逢迎
  • 阿諛順意/阿谀顺意
  • 阿諛順旨/阿谀顺旨
  • 阿邑
  • 阿金溺銀/阿金溺银
  • 阿閣/阿阁
  • 阿附 (ēfù)
  • 阿順取容/阿顺取容
  • 阿魏
  • 阿黨/阿党
  • 陽阿/阳阿

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (阿):

Japanese

Kanji

阿

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

Readings

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
阿
あ
Jinmeiyō
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 阿 (MC 'a).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [a̠]

Noun

阿(あ) • (a) 

  1. The first letter of Sanskrit, अ (a).
Derived terms
See also

Affix

阿(あ) • (a) 

  1. to flatter; to pander to
  2. ridge (of roof); eaves
  3. A prefix expressing familiarity.
  4. Used as a phonetic element, especially in words from Sanskrit.
  5. Short for アフリカ (Afurika, “Africa”).
  6. Short for 阿波国 (Awa no kuni, “Awa Province”).
Derived terms

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
阿
くま
Jinmeiyō
kun’yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 阿 – see the following entry.
【くま】
[noun] 隈, 曲, 阿: corner, nook, recess
[noun] 隈, 曲, 阿: shade, shadow, dark area
[noun] 隈, 曲, 阿: dark circles under one's eyes. often clarified as 目の下のくま.
Alternative spellings
隈, 曲
(This term, 阿, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Korean

Hanja

阿 (eumhun 언덕 아 (eondeok a))
阿 (eumhun 호칭 옥 (hoching ok))

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Compounds

References

Vietnamese

Han character

阿: Hán Việt readings: a, á
阿: Nôm readings: a, à

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References

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