須臾

See also: 须臾

Chinese
necessary; must; need surname; a moment; little while
trad. (須臾) 須 臾
simp. (须臾) 须 臾

Etymology
“48 minutes”
Semantic loan from Sanskrit मुहूर्त (muhūrta).

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 須 臾
Reading # 1/1 1/2
Initial (聲) 心 (16) 以 (36)
Final (韻) 虞 (24) 虞 (24)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed Closed
Division (等) III III
Fanqie 相俞切 羊朱切
Baxter sju yu
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /sɨo/ /jɨo/
Pan
Wuyun		 /sio/ /jio/
Shao
Rongfen		 /sio/ /io/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /suə̆/ /juə̆/
Li
Rong		 /sio/ /io/
Wang
Li		 /sĭu/ /jĭu/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /si̯u/ /i̯u/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 xū yú
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 seoi1 jyu4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 須 臾
Reading # 2/2 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 xū yú
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ sju › ‹ yu ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[s]o/ /*[ɢ](r)o/
English 斯須 a short time pull, drag

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 須 臾
Reading # 1/1 2/2
No. 13955 15823
Phonetic
component		 須 臾
Rime
group		 侯 侯
Rime
subdivision		 0 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 須 逾
Old
Chinese		 /*so/ /*lo/

Noun

須臾

  1. (literary) an instant
  2. (Buddhism, archaic) A unit of time consisting of one-thirtieth of a day (approximately 48 minutes).
    Synonym: 牟呼栗多 (móuhūlìduō)

Descendants
Sino-Xenic (須臾):
  • → Japanese: 須(しゅ)臾(ゆ) (shuyu); 須(す)臾(ゆ) (suyu)

Japanese

Etymology 1
Kanji in this term
須 臾
しゅ
Grade: S		 ゆ
Hyōgaiji
kan’on on’yomi

Appears to be a shift in reading from suyu below, adopting the relatively newer kan'on reading of shu for the first character.

Pronunciation

Noun

須(しゅ)臾(ゆ) • (shuyu) 

  1. a short amount of time, a moment, an instant
  2. (uncommon) a very small number, 10-15

Etymology 2
Kanji in this term
須 臾
す
Grade: S		 ゆ
Hyōgaiji
goon on’yomi

Probably from Middle Chinese 須臾 (MC sju yu). The goon reading, so likely the initial borrowing.

Ultimately derived as a meaning-based translation of Sanskrit मुहूर्त (muhūrta, “a moment, instant, any short space of time”), applied to the earlier phonetically transcribed term 牟呼栗多 (MC mjuw xu lit ta).[2]

This reading appears to be less common than shuyu above.

Pronunciation

Noun

須(す)臾(ゆ) • (suyu) 

  1. a short amount of time, a moment, an instant
  2. (uncommon) a very small number, 10-15

References
  1. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
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