矣

矣 U+77E3, 矣
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-77E3
← 矢
[U+77E2]
CJK Unified Ideographs 矤 →
[U+77E4]

Translingual

Han character

矣 (Kangxi radical 111, 矢+2, 7 strokes, cangjie input 戈人大 (IOK), four-corner 23430, composition ⿱厶矢)

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 823, character 37
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 23931
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1235, character 23
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2580, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+77E3

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 矣
Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *ɢlɯʔ) : phonetic 㠯 (OC *lɯʔ) + semantic 矢 (“arrow”). 矢 (OC *hliʔ) may also act as a phonetic component.

Etymology 1

trad. 矣
simp. # 矣
alternative forms 𠤘
𢦕
𡗞

Pulleyblank (1995) tentatively suggests a connection to adverb 已 (OC *lɯʔ, “already, perfective marker”), drawing a parallel with the 了₁ (perfective particle) and 了₂ (change of state modal particle) meanings of 了 (le), but doubts that they are etymologically related, suggesting the connection may be purely semantic and for aspectual functions.

Pronunciation



Rime
Character 矣
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 云 (35)
Final (韻) 之 (19)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 于紀切
Baxter hiX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ɦɨX/
Pan
Wuyun
/ɦɨX/
Shao
Rongfen
/ɣieX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ɦɨX/
Li
Rong
/ɣiəX/
Wang
Li
/ɣĭəX/
Bernard
Karlgren
/iX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
yǐ
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
ji5
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 矣
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
yǐ
Middle
Chinese
‹ hiX ›
Old
Chinese
/*qəʔ/ (atonic)
English (final particle)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 矣
Reading # 1/1
No. 14950
Phonetic
component
矣
Rime
group
之
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
矣
Old
Chinese
/*ɢlɯʔ/
Notes 說文以聲,金文從丩矢或爲矢聲

Definitions

矣

  1. (literary) Particle expressing completion, similar to 了 (le) in Standard Mandarin.
  2. (literary) Particle expressing exclamation, similar to 啦 (la) in Standard Mandarin.
Synonyms

Compounds

Etymology 2

trad. 矣
simp. # 矣
alternative forms 啊

Pronunciation


Definitions

矣

  1. (Hokkien, dialectal Hakka) Sentence-final particle expressing completion, similar to 了 (le) in Standard Mandarin.
    我食飽矣/我食饱矣 [Taiwanese Hokkien]  ―  Góa chia̍h-pá--ah [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  I've eaten already. / I am now full.
Synonyms

Etymology 3

trad. 矣
simp. # 矣

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation


Definitions

矣

  1. † Transcription of the word for rhinoceros in a language used in ancient Yunnan.

Japanese

Kanji

矣

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

  1. kanbun (Literary Chinese) sentence particle

Readings

  • On (unclassified): い (i)

Korean

Hanja

矣 (eumhun 어조사 의 (eojosa ui))

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

矣: Hán Nôm readings: hỉ, hở, hỹ, hẻ, hĩ, hơi, hãy

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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