契

契 U+5951, 契
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5951
← 奐
[U+5950]
CJK Unified Ideographs 奒 →
[U+5952]

契 U+F909, 契
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F909
← 龜
[U+F908]
CJK Compatibility Ideographs 金 →
[U+F90A]

Translingual

Han character

契 (Kangxi radical 37, 大+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 手竹大 (QHK), four-corner 57432, composition ⿱㓞大(GHTKV) or ⿱𭃌大(J))

Derived characters

References

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 契
Shang Western Zhou Spring and Autumn Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Qin slip script Small seal script

Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *kʰeːds, *kʰeːd, *kʰeːd, *kʰɯd) and ideogrammic compound (會意/会意) : phonetic 㓞 (, “to engrave”) + semantic 大 (“person”).

Etymology 1

trad. 契
simp. # 契
alternative forms 栔

Exopassive of 鍥 (OC *keːd, *kʰeːd, “to cut”): "what has been cut" (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation


Note:
  • Xiamen, Quanzhou:
    • khòe - vernacular;
    • khè - literary.

Rime
Character 契
Reading # 1/3
Initial (聲) 溪 (29)
Final (韻) 齊 (39)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) IV
Fanqie 苦計切
Baxter khejH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/kʰeiH/
Pan
Wuyun
/kʰeiH/
Shao
Rongfen
/kʰɛiH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/kʰɛjH/
Li
Rong
/kʰeiH/
Wang
Li
/kʰieiH/
Bernard
Karlgren
/kʰieiH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
qì
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
hai3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 契 契
Reading # 1/3 3/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
qì qiè
Middle
Chinese
‹ khejH › ‹ khet ›
Old
Chinese
/*[kʰ]ˁet-s/ /*kʰˁet/
English script notches cut

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 契
Reading # 1/4
No. 6493
Phonetic
component
丯
Rime
group
祭
Rime
subdivision
2
Corresponding
MC rime
契
Old
Chinese
/*kʰeːds/

Definitions

契

  1. contract; deed
  2. to agree; to conform with; to tally with
  3. (literary) to carve; to engrave
  4. (literary) carved writing; engraved writing
  5. (Cantonese, Southern Min) adopted; adoptive; foster

Compounds

  • 上契
  • 丹書鐵契/丹书铁契
  • 主契約/主契约
  • 亞米契斯/亚米契斯
  • 交契
  • 佃契
  • 借契
  • 冥契
  • 勞動契約/劳动契约
  • 參同契/参同契
  • 合契若神
  • 同窗契友
  • 單務契約/单务契约
  • 團契/团契 (tuánqì)
  • 地契 (dìqì)
  • 壓契/压契
  • 契刀
  • 契分
  • 契券 (qìquàn)
  • 契勘
  • 契友
  • 契合 (qìhé)
  • 契合金蘭/契合金兰
  • 契哥 (qìgē)
  • 契契
  • 契姐
  • 契妹
  • 契媽/契妈
  • 契尾
  • 契弟 (qìdì)
  • 契據/契据 (qìjù)
  • 契文
  • 契文舉例/契文举例
  • 契機/契机 (qìjī)
  • 契父 (qìfù)
  • 契爸
  • 契爺/契爷
  • 契稅/契税
  • 契箭
  • 契約/契约 (qìyuē)
  • 契約書/契约书 (qìyuēshū)
  • 契約說/契约说
  • 契約農業/契约农业
  • 契若金蘭/契若金兰
  • 契重 (qìzhòng)
  • 契需
  • 姻契
  • 官契
  • 宓契爾/宓契尔
  • 工作契約/工作契约
  • 左契
  • 心契
  • 忘年之契
  • 忘形之契
  • 房契 (fángqì)
  • 投契 (tóuqì)
  • 承攬契約/承揽契约
  • 文契
  • 書契/书契 (shūqì)
  • 有償契約/有偿契约
  • 有名契約/有名契约
  • 欠契
  • 死契
  • 殷墟書契
  • 殷契
  • 水乳之契
  • 活契
  • 無償契約/无偿契约
  • 田契 (tiánqì)
  • 白契 (báiqì)
  • 相契
  • 知契
  • 磚契/砖契
  • 社會契約/社会契约
  • 神會心契/神会心契
  • 租契 (zūqì)
  • 租賃契約/租赁契约
  • 稅契/税契
  • 立契 (lìqì)
  • 符契
  • 紅契/红契 (hóngqì)
  • 絕契/绝契
  • 結契/结契
  • 老契
  • 至交契友
  • 莫逆之契
  • 虛錢實契/虚钱实契
  • 衿契
  • 賣契/卖契
  • 賢契/贤契
  • 賣身契/卖身契 (màishēnqì)
  • 道契
  • 隨意契約/随意契约
  • 雙務契約/双务契约
  • 驗契/验契
  • 默契 (mòqì)

Etymology 2

trad. 契
simp. # 契

Pronunciation



Rime
Character 契
Reading # 2/3
Initial (聲) 溪 (29)
Final (韻) 迄 (58)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 去迄切
Baxter khj+t
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/kʰɨt̚/
Pan
Wuyun
/kʰɨt̚/
Shao
Rongfen
/kʰiət̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/kʰɨt̚/
Li
Rong
/kʰiət̚/
Wang
Li
/kʰĭət̚/
Bernard
Karlgren
/kʰi̯ət̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
qi
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
hat1
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 契
Reading # 4/4
No. 6519
Phonetic
component
丯
Rime
group
物
Rime
subdivision
1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*kʰɯd/

Definitions

契

  1. Only used in 契丹 (Qìdān, “the Khitans”).

Etymology 3

trad. 契
simp. # 契
alternative forms 偰

Pronunciation


Definitions

契

  1. Xie (ancestor of the kings of the Shang dynasty)

Etymology 4

trad. 契
simp. # 契

Pronunciation



Rime
Character 契
Reading # 3/3
Initial (聲) 溪 (29)
Final (韻) 屑 (87)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) IV
Fanqie 苦結切
Baxter khet
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/kʰet̚/
Pan
Wuyun
/kʰet̚/
Shao
Rongfen
/kʰɛt̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/kʰɛt̚/
Li
Rong
/kʰet̚/
Wang
Li
/kʰiet̚/
Bernard
Karlgren
/kʰiet̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
qie
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
hit3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 契
Reading # 2/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
qiè
Middle
Chinese
‹ khet ›
Old
Chinese
/*kʰˁet/
English 契闊 hard-working (Ode 31.4)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 契 契
Reading # 2/4 3/4
No. 6511 6514
Phonetic
component
丯 丯
Rime
group
月 月
Rime
subdivision
2 2
Corresponding
MC rime
猰 猰
Old
Chinese
/*kʰeːd/ /*kʰeːd/

Definitions

契

  1. † Used in 契闊/契阔 (qièkuò, “assiduous; separate; etc.”).
  2. † Alternative form of 挈 (“to take; to carry”)

Compounds

  • 契闊/契阔 (qièkuò)
  • 契闊談讌/契阔谈宴
  • 死生契闊/死生契阔

References

Japanese

Shinjitai 契
Kyūjitai
[1][2][3]

契
&#xF909;
or
契+&#xFE00;?
契󠄁
契+&#xE0101;?
(Adobe-Japan1)
契󠄅
契+&#xE0105;?
(Hanyo-Denshi)
(Moji_Joho)
契󠄂
契+&#xE0102;?
(Adobe-Japan1)
契󠄄
契+&#xE0104;?
(Hanyo-Denshi)
(Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
See here for details.

Kanji

契

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

  1. pledge (allegiance)
  2. commit oneself
  3. promise (loyalty)

Readings

From Middle Chinese 契 (MC khejH); compare Mandarin 契 (qì):

  • Go-on: け (ke)
  • Kan-on: けい (kei, Jōyō)

From Middle Chinese 契 (MC khet); compare Mandarin 契 (qiè):

From Middle Chinese 契 (MC set); compare Mandarin 契 (xiè):

From native Japanese roots:

Compounds

Proper noun

契(ひさし) • (Hisashi) 

  1. a male given name

References

  1. “契”, in 漢字ぺディア (Kanjipedia)‎ (in Japanese), 日本漢字能力検定協会, 2015–2024
  2. Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 606 (paper), page 353 (digital)
  3. Shōundō Henshūjo, editor (1927), 新漢和辞典 [The New Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Ōsaka: Shōundō, →DOI, page 386 (paper), page 206 (digital)

Korean

Etymology 1

From Middle Chinese 契 (MC khejH).

Historical readings

Pronunciation

  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [kje̞(ː)] ~ [ke̞(ː)]
  • Phonetic hangul: [계(ː)/게(ː)]
    • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

Wikisource 契 (eumhun 맺을 계 (maejeul gye))

  1. Hanja form? of 계 (“contract, bond; deed; engrave”).
  2. Hanja form? of 계 (“a Korean rotating savings and credit association”).

Compounds

Etymology 2

From Middle Chinese 契 (MC khet).

Historical readings

Pronunciation

Hanja

契 (eumhun 애쓸 결 (aesseul gyeol))

  1. (literary) Hanja form? of 결 (“to be assiduous; to work hard; to toil”).

Compounds

Etymology 3

From Middle Chinese 契 (MC khj+t).

Historical readings

Hanja

契 (eumhun 부족 이름 글 (bujok ireum geul))

  1. (historical) Hanja form? of 글 (“a tribe name”).

Compounds

Etymology 4

From Middle Chinese 契 (MC set).

Historical readings

Hanja

契 (eumhun 사람 이름 설 (saram ireum seol))

  1. Hanja form? of 설 (“used in personal names”).
  2. (historical) Hanja form? of 설 (“Xie (ancestor of the kings of the Shang dynasty)”).

References

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典.
  • Supreme Court of the Republic of Korea (대한민국 대법원, Daehanmin'guk Daebeobwon) (2018). Table of hanja for personal names (인명용 한자표 / 人名用漢字表, Inmyeong-yong hanja-pyo), page 23.

Vietnamese

Han character

契: Hán Nôm readings: khế, khé, khè, khía, khít, khẻ, khẽ, khịt

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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