摩訶

Chinese

		phonetic
trad. (摩訶)		摩	訶
simp. (摩诃)		摩	诃
alternative forms		莫訶／莫诃摩醯

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit महा (mahā), itself the combining form of महत् (mahat, “great”).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): móhē

(Zhuyin): ㄇㄛˊ ㄏㄜ
Cantonese (Jyutping): mo¹ ho¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: móhē
  - Zhuyin: ㄇㄛˊ ㄏㄜ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: móhe
  - Wade–Giles: mo²-ho¹
  - Yale: mwó-hē
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mohe
  - Palladius: мохэ (moxɛ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mu̯ɔ³⁵ xɤ⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: mo¹ ho¹
  - Yale: mō hō
  - Cantonese Pinyin: mo¹ ho¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: mo¹ ho¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɔː⁵⁵ hɔː⁵⁵/

Middle Chinese: ma xa

Rime
Character	摩	訶
Reading #	1/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	明 (4)	曉 (32)
Final (韻)	戈 (95)	歌 (94)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open
Division (等)	I	I
Fanqie	莫婆切	虎何切
Baxter	ma	xa
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/muɑ/	/hɑ/
Pan Wuyun	/muɑ/	/hɑ/
Shao Rongfen	/muɑ/	/xɑ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/mwa/	/ha/
Li Rong	/muɑ/	/xɑ/
Wang Li	/muɑ/	/xɑ/
Bernard Karlgren	/muɑ/	/xɑ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	mó	hē
Expected Cantonese Reflex	mo⁴	ho¹

Adjective

摩訶

(Buddhism, chiefly as a prefix) maha; great
- 釋門慈憫古來多，正善成功說摩訶。 [Written Vernacular Chinese, trad.]
  释门慈悯古来多，正善成功说摩诃。 [Written Vernacular Chinese, simp.]
  From: Wu Cheng'en, Journey to the West, 16^th century CE
  Shìmén címǐn gǔlái duō, zhèng shàn chénggōng shuō móhē. [Pinyin]
  (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Derived terms

摩訶婆羅多／摩诃婆罗多 (Móhēpóluóduō)
摩訶羅／摩诃罗
摩訶般若波羅蜜多心經／摩诃般若波罗蜜多心经 (Móhē Bōrě Bōluómìduō Xīnjīng)
摩訶薩埵／摩诃萨埵 (móhēsàduǒ)
摩訶衍／摩诃衍 (Móhēyǎn)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
摩	訶
ま Grade: S	か Hyōgaiji
on’yomi

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 摩訶 (MC ma xa), in turn a borrowing from Sanskrit महा (mahā),[1][2] itself the combining form of महत् (mahat, “great”).

First cited in Japanese to the 824 Buddhist text 大日経開題 (Dainichikyō Kaidai), a commentary written by 弘法大師 (Kōbō Daishi, also known as Kūkai) on the 大毘盧遮那成仏神変加持経 (Dai Birushana Jōbutsu Jinben Kaji Kyō, “Vairocanābhisaṃbodhi Sūtra”).[1]

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) まか [máꜜkà] (Atamadaka – [1])[3]
IPA^(key): [ma̠ka̠]

Noun

摩(ま)訶(か) • (maka)

[from 824] (Buddhism) something great, something excellent (used as an epithet with regard to people or things)

Derived terms

摩(ま)訶(か)不(ふ)思(し)議(ぎ) (maka fushigi, “mysterious, profound mystery”)

Prefix

摩(ま)訶(か) or 摩訶(マカ) • (maka-)

[from 824] (Buddhism) great, excellent (used as an epithet on the names of people or things)

Derived terms

摩(ま)訶(か)般(はん)若(にゃ)波(は)羅(ら)蜜(みっ)多(た)心(しん)経(ぎょう) (Maka Hannya Haramitta Shingyō, “Heart Sutra”)
摩(ま)訶(か)毘(び)盧(る)遮(しゃ)那(な) (Makabirushana, “Mahāvairocana”)

References

“摩訶”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000
“摩訶”, in デジタル大辞泉 [Digital Daijisen]‎ (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months
Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
摩	訶

Noun

摩訶 • (maha) (hangeul 마하)

Hanja form^? of 마하 (“(Buddhism, chiefly as a prefix) greatness”).

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