婆

婆 U+5A46, 婆
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5A46
← 婅
[U+5A45] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 婇 →
[U+5A47]

Translingual

Han character

婆 (Kangxi radical 38, 女+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 水水女 (EEV), four-corner 34404, composition ⿱波女)

Derived characters

References
  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 264, character 6
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 6390
  • Dae Jaweon: page 530, character 26
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1061, character 11
  • Unihan data for U+5A46

Chinese
trad. 婆
simp. # 婆

Glyph origin
Characters in the same phonetic series (皮) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
陂 *pral, *prals
詖 *pral, *prals
彼 *pralʔ
柀 *pralʔ
佊 *pralʔ, *prals
貱 *prals
跛 *prals, *paːlʔ
披 *pʰral, *pʰralʔ
鈹 *pʰral
帔 *pʰral, *pʰrals
鮍 *pʰral
耚 *pʰral
狓 *pʰral
翍 *pʰral
旇 *pʰral, *brals
秛 *pʰral, *pʰrals
紴 *pʰralʔ, *paːl
皮 *bral
疲 *bral
被 *bralʔ, *brals
髲 *brals
鞁 *brals
骳 *mbralʔ
波 *paːl
碆 *paːl, *baːl
菠 *paːl
簸 *paːlʔ, *paːls
駊 *paːlʔ, *pʰaːlʔ
頗 *pʰaːl, *pʰaːlʔ, *pʰaːls
坡 *pʰaːl
玻 *pʰaːl
破 *pʰaːls
婆 *baːl
蔢 *baːl

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *baːl) : phonetic 波 (OC *paːl) + semantic 女 (“woman”).

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *pʷa-n ~ *bʷa-n (“grandmother”). Cognate with Burmese ဘွား (bhwa:, “grandmother”) (STEDT).

Pronunciation

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 婆
Mandarin Beijing /pʰo³⁵/
Harbin /pʰɤ²⁴/
Tianjin /pʰo⁴⁵/
Jinan /pʰə⁴²/
Qingdao /pʰə⁴²/
Zhengzhou /pʰo⁴²/
Xi'an /pʰo²⁴/ ～娘
/pʰo⁴⁴/ 丈夫母親
Xining /pʰɔ²⁴/
Yinchuan /pʰuə⁵³/
Lanzhou /pʰə⁵³/
Ürümqi /pʰɤ⁵¹/
Wuhan /pʰo²¹³/
Chengdu /pʰo³¹/
Guiyang /pʰo²¹/
Kunming /pʰo³¹/
Nanjing /pʰo²⁴/
Hefei /pʰʊ⁵⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /pʰɤ¹¹/
Pingyao /pʰɔ¹³/
/pei¹³/ 老～
Hohhot /pʰɤ³¹/
Wu Shanghai /bu²³/
Suzhou /bu¹³/
Hangzhou /bo²¹³/
Wenzhou /bøy³¹/
Hui Shexian /pʰo⁴⁴/
Tunxi /pʰo⁴⁴/
Xiang Changsha /po¹³/
Xiangtan /bo¹²/
Gan Nanchang /pʰo²⁴/
Hakka Meixian /pʰo¹¹/
Taoyuan /pʰo¹¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /pʰɔ²¹/
Nanning /pʰɔ²¹/
Hong Kong /pʰɔ²¹/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /po³⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /po⁵³/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /pɔ²¹/
/pɔ³³/ 賤
Shantou (Teochew) /pʰua⁵⁵/
/po⁵⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /fo³¹/
/ʔbo³¹/
Rime
Character 婆
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 並 (3)
Final (韻) 戈 (95)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) I
Fanqie 薄波切
Baxter ba
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /buɑ/
Pan
Wuyun		 /buɑ/
Shao
Rongfen		 /buɑ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /bwa/
Li
Rong		 /buɑ/
Wang
Li		 /buɑ/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /bʱuɑ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 pó
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 po4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 婆
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 pó
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ ba ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[b]ˁa[j]/
English 婆娑 saunter, dance

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 婆
Reading # 1/1
No. 9734
Phonetic
component		 皮
Rime
group		 歌
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 婆
Old
Chinese		 /*baːl/
Notes 爾雅用於婆娑，
廣韻老母乃如集韻同媻

Definitions

婆

  1. old woman
  2. grandmother
  3. mother-in-law (of a woman); husband's mother
  4. woman in a particular profession
  5. pejorative suffix for a woman
  6. (ACG, neologism) Short for 老婆 (lǎopo, “waifu”)

Usage notes

In transcriptions of Buddhist terms, 婆 (MC ba) is often used to transcribe Sanskrit ब (ba), भ (bha) and व (va).

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji
婆

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings
  • Go-on: ば (ba, Jōyō)
  • Kan-on: は (ha)
  • Tō-on: ほ (ho)
  • Kun: ばあ (bā, 婆); ばば (baba, 婆)

Compounds
Compounds

Etymology 1
Kanji in this term
婆
ばば
Grade: S
kun’yomi

Possibly a reduplication of 姥 (uba, “old woman”). (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)

Pronunciation

Noun

婆(ばば) • (baba) 

  1. an elderly woman, old woman
    Synonyms: 老女 (rōjo), 老婆 (rōba)
    Antonym: 爺 (jiji)
  2. (card games) Old Maid
Derived terms
Derived terms
  • お婆(ばあ)さん (obāsan)
  • 悪(あく)婆(ばば) (akubaba)
  • 梅(うめ)干(ぼし)婆(ばば) (umeboshi baba)
  • 火(か)車(しゃ)婆(ばば) (kasha baba)
  • 鎌(かま)婆(ばば) (kamababa)
  • 子(こ)取(と)り婆(ばば) (kotoribaba)
  • 狸(たぬき)婆(ばば) (tanukibaba)
  • 猫(ねこ)股(また)婆(ばば) (nekomata baba)
  • 灸(やいと)の婆(ばば) (yaito no baba)

Etymology 2
Kanji in this term
婆
ばばあ
Grade: S
irregular

/baba/ → /babaː/

Alteration of baba above.

Pronunciation

Noun

婆(ばばあ) • (babā) 

  1. an elderly woman, old woman
    Antonym: 爺 (jijī)
  2. (colloquial) a complaint, grumbling
    Synonym: 愚痴 (guchi)
Derived terms
  • 狸(たぬき)婆(ばばあ) (tanukibabā)
See also

Etymology 3
Kanji in this term
婆
ば
Grade: S
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 婆 (MC ba).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): [ba̠]

Affix

婆(ば) • (ba) 

  1. old woman, crone
  2. Used in Sanskrit transliterations

References
  1. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 婆 (MC ba). Recorded as Middle Korean 파 (pha) (Yale: pha) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Wikisource 婆 (eumhun 할머니 파 (halmeoni pa))

  1. Hanja form? of 파 (“old woman”).

Compounds
Compounds

References
  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

婆: Hán Nôm readings: bà

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