歉

See also: 欠
歉 U+6B49, 歉
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6B49
← 歈
[U+6B48]
CJK Unified Ideographs 歊 →
[U+6B4A]

Translingual

Han character

歉 (Kangxi radical 76, 欠+10, 14 strokes, cangjie input 廿金弓人 (TCNO) or 難廿金弓人 (XTCNO), four-corner 87282, composition ⿰兼欠)

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 570, character 30
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 16159
  • Dae Jaweon: page 958, character 30
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2148, character 11
  • Unihan data for U+6B49

Chinese

simp. and trad.
歉
2nd round simp. 倩

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 歉
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *kʰreːms, *kʰreːmʔ, *kʰeːmʔ, *kʰeːms) : phonetic 兼 (OC *keːm, *keːms) + semantic 欠 (“person with mouth open”)

Pronunciation



Rime
Character 歉 歉 歉
Reading # 1/3 2/3 3/3
Initial (聲) 溪 (29) 溪 (29) 溪 (29)
Final (韻) 添 (157) 咸 (151) 咸 (151)
Tone (調) Rising (X) Rising (X) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open Open Open
Division (等) IV II II
Fanqie 苦簟切 苦減切 口陷切
Baxter khemX kheamX kheamH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/kʰemX/ /kʰˠɛmX/ /kʰˠɛmH/
Pan
Wuyun
/kʰemX/ /kʰᵚæmX/ /kʰᵚæmH/
Shao
Rongfen
/kʰɛmX/ /kʰɐmX/ /kʰɐmH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/kʰɛmX/ /kʰəɨmX/ /kʰəɨmH/
Li
Rong
/kʰemX/ /kʰɐmX/ /kʰɐmH/
Wang
Li
/kʰiemX/ /kʰɐmX/ /kʰɐmH/
Bernard
Karlgren
/kʰiemX/ /kʰămX/ /kʰămH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
qiǎn qiǎn qiàn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
him2 haam2 haam3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 歉
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
qiàn
Middle
Chinese
‹ khɛmH ›
Old
Chinese
/*kʰˁremʔ-s/
English deficient, modest

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 歉 歉 歉 歉
Reading # 1/4 2/4 3/4 4/4
No. 6033 6034 6071 6075
Phonetic
component
兼 兼 兼 兼
Rime
group
談 談 談 談
Rime
subdivision
2 2 2 2
Corresponding
MC rime
歉 㦿 嗛
Old
Chinese
/*kʰreːms/ /*kʰreːmʔ/ /*kʰeːmʔ/ /*kʰeːms/
Notes 校本右從攴

Definitions

歉

  1. deficient; lacking; insufficient
  2. to apologize
  3. to regret; to be dissatisfied
  4. crop failure; poor harvest
  5. (obsolete) to not eat enough food

Compounds

  • 三好兩歉/三好两歉
  • 不知好歉
  • 做好做歉
  • 做歉做好
  • 年歉
  • 愧歉
  • 抱歉 (bàoqiàn)
  • 歉仄
  • 歉年
  • 歉意 (qiànyì)
  • 歉收 (qiànshōu)
  • 歉歲/歉岁
  • 歉疚 (qiànjiù)
  • 為好成歉/为好成歉
  • 致歉 (zhìqiàn)
  • 荒歉 (huāngqiàn)
  • 要好成歉
  • 豐歉/丰歉
  • 道歉 (dàoqiàn)
  • 道歉啟事/道歉启事

Japanese

Kanji

歉

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

  1. insufficiency
  2. lack
  3. shortage

Readings

  • On (unclassified): けん (ken); かん (kan)
  • Kun: あきたりない (akitarinai)

Korean

Hanja

歉 • (gyeom) (hangeul 겸, revised gyeom, McCune–Reischauer kyŏm, Yale kyem)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

歉: Hán Nôm readings: gồm, khiểm, khiễm, khiệm

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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