監督

See also: 监督

Chinese
 
supervisor; hard; strong
supervisor; hard; strong; solid; firm; to supervise; to inspect; jail; prison
 supervise
trad. (監督) 監 督
simp. (监督) 监 督

Etymology
“(ACG) director”
Wasei kango (和製漢語), orthographically borrowed from Japanese 監督(かんとく) (kantoku, “director”), which was in turn a semantic readaptation of Chinese 監督／监督 (jiāndū, “to supervise”).
“(WMF) to oversight”
Semantic loan from English oversight.

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 監 督
Reading # 1/2 1/1
Initial (聲) 見 (28) 端 (5)
Final (韻) 銜 (149) 沃 (6)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) II I
Fanqie 谷銜切 冬毒切
Baxter kaem towk
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /kˠam/ /tuok̚/
Pan
Wuyun		 /kᵚam/ /tuok̚/
Shao
Rongfen		 /kam/ /tok̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /kaɨm/ /tawk̚/
Li
Rong		 /kam/ /tok̚/
Wang
Li		 /kam/ /tuok̚/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /kam/ /tuok̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 jiān du
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 gaam1 duk1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 監
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 jiān
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ kæm ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[k]ˁram/
English inspect

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 監 督
Reading # 1/2 1/1
No. 6103 11738
Phonetic
component		 監 尗
Rime
group		 談 覺
Rime
subdivision		 1 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 篤
Old
Chinese		 /*kraːm/ /*ʔl'uːwɢ/
Notes 鑑初文，象人俯視皿水察容（林義光陳獨秀說），非形聲字

Verb

監督

  1. to supervise; to superintend; to oversee; to regulate
    證券監督管理機構 [MSC, trad.]
    证券监督管理机构 [MSC, simp.]
    zhèngquàn jiāndū guǎnlǐ jīgòu [Pinyin]
    securities regulatory agency
    自覺接受監督／自觉接受监督  ―  zìjué jiēshòu jiāndū  ―  to consciously accept supervision
  2. (Wikimedia jargon) to oversight (to suppress content in a way that removes or minimizes its visibility or viewability)

Synonyms
  • (to supervise):

Noun

監督

  1. supervisor; overseer
  2. (ACG) film director

Derived terms

Descendants
Sino-Xenic (監督):

Further reading

Japanese
Kanji in this term
監 督
かん
Grade: S		 とく
Grade: S
on’yomi

Pronunciation
  • (Tokyo) かんとく [kàńtókú] (Heiban – [0])
  • IPA(key): [kã̠nto̞kɯ̟ᵝ]

Noun

監(かん)督(とく) • (kantoku) 

  1. director, supervisor, manager, superintendent
    キューブリック監(かん)督(とく)の映(えい)画(が)
    Kyūburikku-kantoku no eiga
    film directed by Mr. Kubrick
    野(や)球(きゅう)チームの監(かん)督(とく)
    yakyū chīmu no kantoku
    manager of a baseball team
  2. direction, supervision, control
    〜の監(かん)督(とく)の下(もと)に
    ~ no kantoku no moto ni
    under the direction/supervision of...
    試(し)験(けん)の監(かん)督(とく)をする
    shiken no kantoku o suru
    to supervise an exam

Synonyms

Derived terms
  • 映(えい)画(が)監(かん)督(とく) (eiga kantoku): movie director
  • 監(かん)督(とく)官(かん) (kantokukan): director
  • 監(かん)督(とく)教(きょう)会(かい) (kantoku kyōkai): director association
  • 監(かん)督(とく)者(しゃ) (kantokusha): manager
  • 現(げん)場(ば)監(かん)督(とく) (genba kantoku): field foreman
  • 奴(ど)隷(れい)監(かん)督(とく) (dorei kantoku): slave driver
  • 事(じ)務(む)総(そう)長(ちょう) (jimu sōchō): head of a department; secretary general

Verb

監(かん)督(とく)する • (kantoku suru) transitive suru (stem 監(かん)督(とく)し (kantoku shi), past 監(かん)督(とく)した (kantoku shita))

  1. to direct; to supervise; to manage
    子(こ)供(ども)を監(かん)督(とく)する
    kodomo o kantoku suru
    to supervise children

Conjugation
Conjugation of "監督する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 監督し かんとくし kantoku shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 監督し かんとくし kantoku shi
Shūshikei ("terminal") 監督する かんとくする kantoku suru
Rentaikei ("attributive") 監督する かんとくする kantoku suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 監督すれ かんとくすれ kantoku sure
Meireikei ("imperative") 監督せよ¹
監督しろ²		 かんとくせよ¹
かんとくしろ²		 kantoku seyo¹
kantoku shiro²
Key constructions
Passive 監督される かんとくされる kantoku sareru
Causative 監督させる
監督さす		 かんとくさせる
かんとくさす		 kantoku saseru
kantoku sasu
Potential 監督できる かんとくできる kantoku dekiru
Volitional 監督しよう かんとくしよう kantoku shiyō
Negative 監督しない かんとくしない kantoku shinai
Negative continuative 監督せず かんとくせず kantoku sezu
Formal 監督します かんとくします kantoku shimasu
Perfective 監督した かんとくした kantoku shita
Conjunctive 監督して かんとくして kantoku shite
Hypothetical conditional 監督すれば かんとくすれば kantoku sureba
¹ Written imperative

² Spoken imperative

References
  • 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.
  • Shinmura, Izuru, editor (1998), 広辞苑 [Kōjien] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
  • 2002, Yasuo Kitahara, 明鏡国語辞典 (Meikyō Kokugo Jiten), First Edition (in Japanese), Tokyo: Taishūkan Shoten, →ISBN

Korean
Hanja in this term
監督

Noun

監督 • (gamdok) (hangeul 감독)

  1. Hanja form? of 감독 (“direction, supervision”).

Vietnamese
chữ Hán Nôm in this term
監督

Noun

監督

  1. chữ Hán form of giám đốc (“director”).
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