監

See also: 监

監	U+76E3, 監 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-76E3

← 盢
[U+76E2]

CJK Unified Ideographs

盤 →
[U+76E4]

㈼	U+323C, ㈼ PARENTHESIZED IDEOGRAPH SUPERVISE

← ㈻
[U+323B]

Enclosed CJK Letters and Months

㈽ →
[U+323D]

Translingual

Japanese	監
Simplified	监
Traditional	監

Alternative forms

𰯲 (when used at the top of a character)

Note the difference in the upper right component between simplified Chinese, where it is ⿱𠂉丶 (resembles half of 𥫗), and traditional Chinese and Japanese, where it is ⿱𠂉一.

Han character

監 (Kangxi radical 108, 皿+9 in Chinese, 皿+10 in Japanese, 14 strokes in Chinese, 15 strokes in Japanese, cangjie input 尸戈月廿 (SIBT) or 尸一月廿 (SMBT), four-corner 7810₇, composition ⿱⿰臣⿱𠂉丶皿)

Derived characters

儖(𫣉) 嚂(𰈓) 壏(𰊑) 尶尷(尴) 懢檻(槛) 濫(滥) 爁(𬊶) 璼(𫞨) 礛(𰧔) 籃(篮) 糮(𬖮) 繿(䍀) 艦(舰) 藍(蓝) 襤(褴) 轞(𰺗) 鑑(鉴) 鹽(塩盐) 㔋(𪟎) 㜮(𫱕) 㩜(㨫) 㲯(𰚪) 㺝䆾䰐(𱆅) 𠕱𡮻𡰛𡽳(𫶊) 𡽾𢅡(𫷌) 𣁥𣋣𣰦𥃢𥌈𥜓𦡶(𰯂) 𦣸𧓦𧥈𧭗𧸦(𬥾) 𨊔𨣨(𰼏) 𩁱𩦹𩴵(𩴌) 𩼳𪇖(𬸡) 𪊇𫗝𫶻𭧿

Descendants

监

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 796, character 2
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 23032
Dae Jaweon: page 1210, character 18
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2566, character 3
Unihan data for U+76E3

Chinese

trad.		監
simp.		监
alternative forms		𧗄譼／䛓𧨭𧩾

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 監
Shang	Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (監) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
藍	*ɡ·raːm
襤	*ɡ·raːm
籃	*ɡ·raːm
懢	ɡ·raːm, ɡ·raːms
儖	*ɡ·raːm
蘫	ɡ·raːm, qʰlaːms
攬	*ɡ·raːmʔ
欖	*ɡ·raːmʔ
覽	*ɡ·raːmʔ
爁	ɡ·raːmʔ, ɡ·raːms, *ɡ·rams
擥	*ɡ·raːmʔ
灠	*ɡ·raːmʔ
濫	ɡ·raːms, ɡraːmʔ
嚂	ɡ·raːms, kʰlaːms, *qʰlaːmʔ
纜	*ɡ·raːms
監	kraːm, kraːms
礛	*kraːm
鑑	kraːm, kraːms, *kraːms
艦	*ɡraːmʔ
檻	ɡraːmʔ, ɡraːms
壏	*ɡraːmʔ
轞	*ɡraːmʔ
鹽	ɡ·lam, ɡ·lams

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 臥 + 血. Note the migration of the dot from 血 → 皿 to a third stroke of 人 → ⿱𠂉丶/⿱𠂉一.

Alternatively, pictogram (象形) depicting a person with an emphasized eye looking into a container (Ji Xusheng, 2004).

Pronunciation 1

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): jiān (jian¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄢ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): jian¹
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): gaam¹

(Taishan, Wiktionary): gam¹
Gan (Wiktionary): gan¹
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): kâm

(Meixian, Guangdong): gam¹
Jin (Wiktionary): jie¹
Northern Min (KCR): ga̿ng
Eastern Min (BUC): găng
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): kaⁿ / kam / kàm

(Teochew, Peng'im): gam¹ / gang¹
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ¹ke
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): gan¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jiān
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄢ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jian
  - Wade–Giles: chien¹
  - Yale: jyān
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jian
  - Palladius: цзянь (czjanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: jian¹
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: gian
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕiɛn⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: gaam¹
  - Yale: gāam
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gaam¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: gam¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kaːm⁵⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: gam¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kam³³/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: gan¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kan⁴²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kâm
  - Hakka Romanization System: gam´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: gam¹
  - Sinological IPA: /kam²⁴/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: gam¹
  - Sinological IPA: /kam⁴⁴/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: jie¹
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕie¹¹/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ga̿ng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kaŋ³³/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: găng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kaŋ⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kaⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: kann
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kvaf
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kã³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kã⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kam
  - Tâi-lô: kam
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kafm
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /kam³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kam⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kàm
  - Tâi-lô: kàm
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kaxm
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kam⁴¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /kam²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kam¹¹/

Note:

kaⁿ - vernacular;
kam/kàm - literary.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: gam¹ / gang¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kam / kang
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kam³³/, /kaŋ³³/

Note:

gam1 - Chaozhou, Shantou;
gang1 - Chenghai.

Wu
- (Shanghai):
  - Wugniu: ¹ke
  - MiniDict: ke^平
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹ke
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ke⁵³/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: gan¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kan³³/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 監
Mandarin	Beijing	/t͡ɕian⁵⁵/
	Harbin	/t͡ɕian⁴⁴/
	Tianjin	/t͡ɕian²¹/
	Jinan	/t͡ɕiã²¹³/
	Qingdao	/t͡ɕiã²¹³/
	Zhengzhou	/t͡ɕian²⁴/
	Xi'an	/t͡ɕiã²¹/
	Xining	/t͡ɕiã⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/t͡ɕian⁴⁴/
	Lanzhou	/t͡ɕiɛ̃n³¹/
	Ürümqi	/t͡ɕian⁴⁴/
	Wuhan	/t͡ɕiɛn⁵⁵/
	Chengdu	/t͡ɕian⁵⁵/
	Guiyang	/t͡ɕian⁵⁵/
	Kunming	/t͡ɕiɛ̃⁴⁴/
	Nanjing	/t͡ɕien³¹/
	Hefei	/t͡ɕiĩ²¹/
Jin	Taiyuan	/t͡ɕie¹¹/
	Pingyao	/t͡ɕiɑŋ¹³/ /t͡ɕiɑŋ³⁵/ ～督
	Hohhot	/t͡ɕie³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/ke⁵³/
	Suzhou	/ke̞⁵⁵/
	Hangzhou	/t͡ɕiẽ̞³³/
	Wenzhou	/ka³³/
Hui	Shexian	/t͡ɕie³¹/ /kɛ³¹/
Hui	Tunxi	/kɔ¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/kan⁵⁵/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/kan⁵⁵/
Gan	Nanchang	/kan⁴²/
Hakka	Meixian	/kam⁴⁴/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/kɑm⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/kam⁵³/
	Nanning	/kam⁵⁵/
	Hong Kong	/kam⁵⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/kam⁵⁵/ /kã⁵⁵/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/kaŋ⁴⁴/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/kaŋ³³/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/kam³³/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/kam²³/ ～獄 /kam³⁵/ ～察

Middle Chinese: kaem

Rime
Character	監
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	銜 (149)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	谷銜切
Baxter	kaem
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kˠam/
Pan Wuyun	/kᵚam/
Shao Rongfen	/kam/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kaɨm/
Li Rong	/kam/
Wang Li	/kam/
Bernard Karlgren	/kam/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jiān
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gaam¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]ˤram/

(Zhengzhang): /*kraːm/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	監
Reading #	1/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jiān
Middle Chinese	‹ kæm ›
Old Chinese	/*[k]ˁram/
English	inspect
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	監
Reading #	1/2
No.	6103
Phonetic component	監
Rime group	談
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime
Old Chinese	/*kraːm/
Notes	鑑初文，象人俯視皿水察容（林義光陳獨秀說），非形聲字

Definitions

監

to supervise; to oversee
(historical) proctor; supervisor
to control; to take charge; to direct
(historical, of crown prince or senior statesman) to act for the monarch
(historical) dukes or princes under an emperor
^† to imprison; to incarcerate
prison; jail
^† to command; to lead
(Cantonese) to force (somebody to do something)

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 監獄 (“jail; prison”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		監獄, 監牢, 牢獄, 牢房
Mandarin	Beijing	監獄, 班房兒, 泡兒局 dated
	Taiwan	監獄
	Tianjin	監獄
	Tangshan	監獄
	Cangzhou	監獄, 班房兒
	Baoding	監獄
	Shijiazhuang	監獄
	Chifeng	監獄
	Hulunbuir (Hailar)	監獄, 笆籬子
	Harbin	監獄, 牢, 笆籬子
	Shenyang	牢, 班房, 笆籬子
	Yantai (Muping)	監牢獄, 監獄
	Qingdao	監牢獄
	Jinan	監獄, 監牢獄, 監
	Luoyang	監, 牢
	Zhengzhou	監獄, 監, 牢
	Xi'an	監獄, 監, 牢
	Yinchuan	監獄, 牢, 班房
	Lanzhou	監獄, 班房子, 班房
	Xining	牢, 班房
	Ürümqi	監獄, 牢, 笆籬子, 班房子
	Wuhan	監獄, 牢, 班房
	Chengdu	牢, 班房
	Guiyang	監獄, 班房
	Kunming	監獄, 牢, 班房
	Guilin	監獄, 牢
	Liuzhou	監獄, 牢
	Xuzhou	監獄, 牢, 大圈兒, 八號兒
	Yangzhou	牢監, 牢, 班房
	Nanjing	牢
	Hefei	監獄
	Nantong	監牢, 牢
	Singapore	監牢
	Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan)	班房子, 獄監
Cantonese	Guangzhou	監倉
Cantonese	Hong Kong	監獄, 監倉, 祠堂
Gan	Nanchang	牢監, 班房
Gan	Pingxiang	班房
Hakka	Meixian	監房
	Yudu	班房
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	監獄
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	監獄仔
	Pingtung (Wuluo, Ligang; S. Sixian)	監獄
	Kaohsiung (Meinong; S. Sixian)	監獄
	Kaohsiung (Shanlin; S. Sixian)	監獄
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	監獄
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	監獄
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	監獄
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	監獄
Huizhou	Jixi	監牢
Huizhou	Shexian	監牢, 牢
Jin	Taiyuan	牢, 班房
	Xinzhou	監牢, 監, 牢房, 牢, 班房
	Linhe	監獄, 監, 牢, 班房子
	Jining	班房
	Hohhot	監獄, 監, 牢, 獄, 班房
	Zhangjiakou	監獄, 牢
	Handan	監獄, 房子
Northern Min	Jian'ou	班房
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	監牢
Southern Min	Xiamen	監獄, 監牢, 班館, 館仔 dated, 櫳仔 dated, 櫳間 dated, 鴿仔空 dated
	Quanzhou	監獄, 監牢
	Zhangzhou	監獄, 監牢, 班館, 館仔 dated, 櫳仔 dated
	New Taipei (Tamsui)	監獄, 監牢
	Kaohsiung	監獄
	Kaohsiung (Dalinpu, Siaogang)	監獄, 櫳仔內
	Yilan (Toucheng)	監獄
	Tainan	監獄, 監牢, 櫳仔, 櫳仔間, 內籬仔 GT
	Tainan (Anping)	監獄, 櫳仔內
	Penghu (Xiyu)	監獄, 櫳仔內
	Penang (Hokkien)	跤跔, 跤跔間
	Singapore (Hokkien)	監牢, 釘鏈間
	Manila (Hokkien)	跤跔, 監獄
	Shantou	監獄
	Singapore (Teochew)	釘鏈間, 監牢
	Leizhou	監倉
Wu	Shanghai	監牢, 牢監
	Shanghai (Chongming)	監牢
	Danyang	監牢
	Hangzhou	牢監
	Ningbo	牢監, 監牢
	Wenzhou	牢監, 班房
	Jinhua	監牢
Xiang	Loudi	班房, 籠子
Note	GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)

Compounds

三監／三监
中央監控系統／中央监控系统
主監／主监
例監／例监
光照監視裝置／光照监视装置
入監／入监 (rùjiān)
內監／内监
出監／出监
國子監／国子监 (Guózǐjiàn)
坐監／坐监
外役監獄／外役监狱
大樓監控系統／大楼监控系统
天監／天监
女監／女监 (nǚjiān)
學監／学监
寄監／寄监
巴士底監獄／巴士底监狱
投監／投监
探監／探监 (tànjiān)
收監／收监 (shōujiān)
斃監免議／毙监免议
斬監候／斩监候
海監／海监
狂吟老監／狂吟老监
獨居監禁／独居监禁
球監／球监
理監事／理监事
環保與環境監控系統／环保与环境监控系统
發監／发监
監主自盜／监主自盗
監事／监事 (jiānshì)
監修／监修
監印／监印
監司／监司
監國／监国 (jiānguó)
監場／监场
監守／监守 (jiānshǒu)
監守自盜／监守自盗 (jiānshǒuzìdào)
監察／监察 (jiānchá)
監察人／监察人
監察委員／监察委员
監察御史／监察御史
監察權／监察权
監察院／监察院 (Jiāncháyuàn)
監察院審計部／监察院审计部
監寺／监寺
監工／监工 (jiāngōng)
監市履狶／监市履狶
監廚／监厨
監所／监所
監押／监押 (jiānyā)
監控／监控 (jiānkòng)
監斬／监斩
監斬官／监斩官
監測／监测 (jiāncè)
監牢／监牢 (jiānláo)
監犯／监犯 (jiānfàn)
監獄／监狱 (jiānyù)
監督／监督 (jiāndū)
監票／监票 (jiānpiào)
監視／监视 (jiānshì)
監視器／监视器 (jiānshìqì)
監禁／监禁 (jiānjìn)
監管／监管 (jiānguǎn)
監繫／监系
監考／监考 (jiānkǎo)
監聽／监听
監臨／监临
監臨自盜／监临自盗
監製／监制 (jiānzhì)
監覷／监觑
監解／监解
監試／监试
監誓／监誓 (jiānshì)
監護／监护 (jiānhù)
監護人／监护人 (jiānhùrén)
監軍／监军
監造／监造
監運／监运
監鋪／监铺
監門／监门
監門之養／监门之养
監齋使者／监斋使者
監齋爺／监斋爷
總監／总监 (zǒngjiān)
舍監／舍监
董監事／董监事
行政監督／行政监督
行監坐守／行监坐守
跟監／跟监
遠端監控系統／远端监控系统

Pronunciation 2

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jiàn (jian⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄢˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gaam³
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): kam

(Meixian, Guangdong): gam⁴
Eastern Min (BUC): gáng
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): kàm

(Teochew, Peng'im): gam³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jiàn
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄢˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jiàn
  - Wade–Giles: chien⁴
  - Yale: jyàn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiann
  - Palladius: цзянь (czjanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: gaam³
  - Yale: gaam
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gaam³
  - Guangdong Romanization: gam³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kaːm³³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kam
  - Hakka Romanization System: gam
  - Hagfa Pinyim: gam⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /kam⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: gam⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /kam⁵³/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: gáng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɑŋ²¹³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kàm
  - Tâi-lô: kàm
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kaxm
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /kam⁴¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /kam²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kam¹¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: gam³
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kàm
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kam²¹³/

Middle Chinese: kaemH

Rime
Character	監
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	銜 (149)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	格懺切
Baxter	kaemH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kˠam^H/
Pan Wuyun	/kᵚam^H/
Shao Rongfen	/kam^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kaɨm^H/
Li Rong	/kam^H/
Wang Li	/kam^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/kam^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jiàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gaam³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*kˤram-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*kraːms/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	監
Reading #	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jiàn
Middle Chinese	‹ kæm^H ›
Old Chinese	/*kˁram-s/
English	mirror
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	監
Reading #	2/2
No.	6106
Phonetic component	監
Rime group	談
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	鑑
Old Chinese	/*kraːms/

Definitions

監

^† Alternative form of 鑒／鉴 (jiàn, “mirror”)
^† to reflect; to see; to view
- 子曰：「周監於二代，郁郁乎文哉！吾從周。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  子曰：「周监于二代，郁郁乎文哉！吾从周。」 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
  Zǐyuē: “Zhōu jiàn yú èrdài, yùyùhū wénzāi! Wú cóng Zhōu.” [Pinyin]
  The Master said, "Zhou had the advantage of viewing the two past dynasties. How complete and elegant are its regulations! I follow Zhou."
^† to use for reference; to draw lessons from
(historical) supervisor; overseer
(historical) imperial office
(historical) eunuch

Compounds

三保太監／三保太监
入監／入监 (rùjiān)
內監／内监
國子監博士／国子监博士
國子監司業／国子监司业
國子監祭酒／国子监祭酒
坐監／坐监 (zuòjiàn)
太監／太监 (tàijiàn)
宮中太監／宫中太监
廕監／荫监
捐監／捐监
欽天監／钦天监
狗監／狗监
皇帝不急，急死太監／皇帝不急，急死太监 (huángdì bùjí, jísǐ tàijiàn)
監利／监利
監本／监本
監生／监生
祕書監／秘书监
舉監／举监
貢監／贡监
阿監／阿监 (ājiān)

References

“監”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

監

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings

Go-on: けん (ken)
Kan-on: かん (kan, Jōyō)
Kun: みる (miru, 監る)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
監
かん Grade: S
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 監 (MC kaem).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [kã̠ɴ]

Affix

監(かん) • (kan)

to supervise; to inspect; to watch
jail; jailhouse

Compounds

Korean

Hanja

監 (eumhun 볼 감 (bol gam))

Hanja form^? of 감 (“supervision; overseeing”).

Compounds

감독 (監督, gamdok, “director”)
감시 (監視, gamsi, “surveillance”)

Vietnamese

Han character

監: Hán Nôm readings: giam, giám, giớm, giợm, róm, giấm, lổm, ram, rướm, xám

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