腸

See also: 肠 and 膓
腸 U+8178, 腸
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8178
← 腷
[U+8177]
CJK Unified Ideographs 腹 →
[U+8179]

Translingual

Han character

腸 (Kangxi radical 130, 肉+9, 13 strokes, cangjie input 月日一竹 (BAMH), four-corner 76227, composition ⿰月昜(GJK) or ⿰⺼昜(HTV))

Derived characters

  • 𦼳, 𬛡

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 990, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29721
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1442, character 7
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2095, character 9
  • Unihan data for U+8178

Chinese

trad. 腸
simp. 肠
alternative forms 膓/肠

Glyph origin

Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *l'aŋ) : semantic 肉 (“body”) + phonetic 昜 (OC *laŋ).

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-jaŋ ~ m-jaŋ (“large intestine”), whence Helambu Tibetan ནང་ཇུལ (nang jul, “viscera; guts; entrails”) and Chepang योङ्‌क्‍लीः (yoŋ-kliʔ, “intestine”) (STEDT).

Schuessler (2007) suggests it is also cognate with Tibetan ལོང་ཀ (long ka, “intestines; entrails; guts”).

Hong Kong Cantonese "penis"
Semantic loan from English sausage.

Pronunciation


Note:
  • tn̂g - vernacular (“intestine”);
  • chhiâng - literary (“sausage”, may be considered vernacular);
  • chhiân - common variant in Taiwan for “sausage”;
  • tiông/tiâng - literary.
    Note:
    • deng5 - vernacular;
    • ciang5 - literary.
      • Wu
        • (Shanghai)
          • Wugniu: 6zan
          • MiniDict: zan去
          • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): 3zan
          • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /zã²³/
        • (Suzhou)
          • Wugniu: 2zan; 6zaon
          • MiniDict: zan平; zaon去
          • Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /zã²²³/, /zɑ̃²³¹/
      • Xiang
        • (Changsha)
          • Wiktionary: chan2
          • Sinological IPA (key) (old-style): /ʈ͡ʂʰan¹³/
          • Sinological IPA (key) (new-style): /t͡sʰan¹³/

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 腸
Mandarin Beijing /ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵/
Harbin /ʈ͡ʂʰaŋ²⁴/
Tianjin /ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁴⁵/
/t͡sʰɑŋ⁴⁵/
Jinan /ʈ͡ʂʰaŋ⁴²/
Qingdao /tʃʰaŋ⁴²/
Zhengzhou /ʈ͡ʂʰaŋ⁴²/
Xi'an /ʈ͡ʂʰaŋ²⁴/
Xining /ʈ͡ʂʰɔ̃²⁴/
Yinchuan /ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵³/
Lanzhou /ʈ͡ʂʰɑ̃⁵³/
Ürümqi /ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵¹/
Wuhan /t͡sʰaŋ²¹³/
Chengdu /t͡sʰaŋ³¹/
Guiyang /t͡sʰaŋ²¹/
Kunming /ʈ͡ʂʰã̠¹/
Nanjing /ʈ͡ʂʰaŋ²⁴/
Hefei /ʈ͡ʂʰɑ̃⁵⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡sʰɒ̃¹¹/
Pingyao /t͡suə¹³/
Hohhot /t͡sʰɑ̃³¹/
Wu Shanghai /zã²³/
Suzhou /zã¹³/
Hangzhou /d͡zɑŋ²¹³/
Wenzhou /d͡ʑi³¹/
Hui Shexian /t͡ɕʰia⁴⁴/
Tunxi /t͡ɕʰiau⁴⁴/
Xiang Changsha /ʈ͡ʂan¹³/
Xiangtan /ɖ͡ʐɔn¹²/
Gan Nanchang /t͡sʰɔŋ²⁴/
Hakka Meixian /t͡sʰoŋ¹¹/
Taoyuan /tʃʰoŋ¹¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /t͡sʰœŋ²¹/
Nanning /t͡sʰɔŋ²¹/
Hong Kong /t͡sʰœŋ³⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /tiɔŋ³⁵/
/tŋ̍³⁵/
/t͡sʰiaŋ³⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /touŋ⁵³/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /tiɔŋ²¹/
/t͡sɔŋ⁴⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /t͡siaŋ⁵⁵/
/tɯŋ⁵⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /siaŋ³¹/
/ʔdo³¹/

Rime
Character 腸
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 澄 (11)
Final (韻) 陽 (105)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 直良切
Baxter drjang
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ɖɨɐŋ/
Pan
Wuyun
/ɖiɐŋ/
Shao
Rongfen
/ȡiɑŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ɖɨaŋ/
Li
Rong
/ȡiaŋ/
Wang
Li
/ȡĭaŋ/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ȡʱi̯aŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
cháng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
coeng4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 腸
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
cháng
Middle
Chinese
‹ drjang ›
Old
Chinese
/*lraŋ/
English intestines

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 腸
Reading # 1/1
No. 14579
Phonetic
component
昜
Rime
group
陽
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
長
Old
Chinese
/*l'aŋ/

Definitions

腸

  1. (anatomy) intestine
  2. (figurative) heart; emotions
  3. sausage
  4. (Cantonese) Short for 腸粉/肠粉 (“cheong fun”).
    蝦腸/虾肠 [Cantonese]  ―  haa1 coeng4-2 [Jyutping]  ―  cheong fun with shrimp
    叉腸/叉肠 [Cantonese]  ―  caa1 coeng4-2 [Jyutping]  ―  cheong fun with char siu
  5. (Hong Kong Cantonese, slang) penis (Classifier: 條/条 c)

Synonyms

  • (emotions):
  • (penis):

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

腸

(grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

Compounds

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
腸
わた
Grade: 6
kun’yomi

From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *wata.

Pronunciation

  • (Tokyo) わた​ [wàtáꜜ] (Odaka – [2])
  • IPA(key): [ɰᵝa̠ta̠]

Noun

腸(わた) • (wata) 

  1. (anatomy) the intestines
Derived terms

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
腸
はらわた
Grade: 6
kun’yomi
  • [parawata] → [ɸarawata] → [harawata]. Compound of 腹 (hara, “stomach”) +‎ 腸 (wata, “intestines”).

Pronunciation

  • (Tokyo) はらわ​た [hàráwáꜜtà] (Nakadaka – [3])
  • (Tokyo) はらわた [hàráwátá] (Heiban – [0])
  • (Tokyo) はらわた​ [hàráwátáꜜ] (Odaka – [4])
  • IPA(key): [ha̠ɾa̠ɰᵝa̠ta̠]

Noun

腸(はらわた) • (harawata) 

  1. (anatomy) the large intestines
    • 794, Shin'yaku Kegonkyō Ongi Shiki:
      脯 趺武友 乾肉薄折之曰脯也 大小腸 波良汙多
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)
    • 938, Minamoto no Shitagō, Wamyō Ruijushō:
      大腸 中黄子云 大腸 音長 波良和太 [...] 爲傳送之府 [...] 膽者中正之官 脾胃者倉稟之官 大腸者傳道之官 小腸者受盛之官 [...]
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)
  2. (anatomy) intestines

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
腸
ちょう
Grade: 6
on’yomi

/tyau/ → /tyoː/.

Pronunciation

  • (Tokyo) ちょ​ー [chóꜜò] (Atamadaka – [1])
  • IPA(key): [t͡ɕo̞ː]

Noun

腸(ちょう) • (chō) ←ちやう (tyau)?

  1. (anatomy) the intestines; the bowels
    • 1993 December 15 [1990 March 25], Sasaki, Noriko, 動(どう)物(ぶつ)のお医(い)者(しゃ)さん (動(どう)物(ぶつ)のお医(い)者(しゃ)さん) [The Veterinarian], 36th edition, volume 3 (fiction), Tokyo: Hakusensha, →ISBN, page 19:
      年(とし)頃(ごろ)の女(じょ)性(せい)が自(じ)分(ぶん)の腸(ちょう)なんか見(み)ていていいのだろうか
      Toshigoro no josei ga jibun no chō nan ka miteite ii no darō ka
      Is it okay for a woman of marriageable age to stare at her own guts?

References

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 腸 (MC drjang).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448땨ᇰ (Yale: ttyàng)
Middle Korean
TextEumhun
Gloss (hun)Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527애〯 (Yale: ǎy)댜ᇰ (Yale: tyàng)

Pronunciation

  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [t͡ɕa̠(ː)ŋ]
  • Phonetic hangul: [장(ː)]
    • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

Wikisource 腸 (eumhun 창자 장 (changja jang))

  1. Hanja form? of 장 (“intestine”).

Compounds

References

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

腸: Hán Nôm readings: tràng, trường, trướng

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