艱

See also: 艰
艱 U+8271, 艱
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8271
← 艰
[U+8270]
CJK Unified Ideographs 色 →
[U+8272]

Translingual

Han character

艱 (Kangxi radical 138, 艮+11, 17 strokes, cangjie input 廿人日女 (TOAV), four-corner 47532, composition ⿰𦰩艮)

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1013, character 29
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30600
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1473, character 2
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3171, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+8271

Chinese

trad. 艱
simp. 艰
alternative forms 𦫒
囏
𡆒
𮎚
𡿤

Glyph origin

Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *krɯːn) : semantic 𦰩 + phonetic 艮 (OC *kɯːns).

Pronunciation


Note:
  • kan - literary;
  • kian - vernacular.

Rime
Character 艱
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 山 (73)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) II
Fanqie 古閑切
Baxter kean
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/kˠɛn/
Pan
Wuyun
/kᵚæn/
Shao
Rongfen
/kæn/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/kəɨn/
Li
Rong
/kɛn/
Wang
Li
/kæn/
Bernard
Karlgren
/kăn/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
jiān
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
gaan1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 艱
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
jiān
Middle
Chinese
‹ kɛn ›
Old
Chinese
/*kˁrə[r]/
English difficulty

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 艱
Reading # 1/1
No. 3912
Phonetic
component
艮
Rime
group
文
Rime
subdivision
1
Corresponding
MC rime
閒
Old
Chinese
/*krɯːn/

Definitions

艱

  1. difficult; hard
  2. † hardship; suffering
  3. † disaster
  4. † dangerous
  5. † parent's death

Compounds

References

Japanese

Kanji

艱

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

Korean

Hanja

艱 • (gan) (hangeul 간, revised gan, McCune–Reischauer kan, Yale kan)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

艱: Hán Nôm readings: gian

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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