恨

恨 U+6068, 恨
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6068
← 恧
[U+6067]
CJK Unified Ideographs 恩 →
[U+6069]

Translingual

Stroke order
9 strokes

Han character

恨 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 心日女 (PAV), four-corner 97032, composition ⿰忄艮)

Derived characters

  • 𭉆, 𭦼, 𥈥, 𪬲, 𭏂, 𢝧

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 385, character 9
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10588
  • Dae Jaweon: page 716, character 5
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2299, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+6068

Chinese

simp. and trad.
恨

Glyph origin

Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *ɡɯːns) : semantic 忄 (“heart; thought; emotion”) + phonetic 艮 (OC *kɯːns).

Pronunciation



  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 恨
Mandarin Beijing /xən⁵¹/
Harbin /xən⁵³/
Tianjin /xən⁵³/
Jinan /xẽ²¹/
Qingdao /xə̃⁴²/
Zhengzhou /xən³¹²/
Xi'an /xẽ⁴⁴/
Xining /xə̃²¹³/
Yinchuan /xəŋ¹³/
Lanzhou /xə̃n¹³/
Ürümqi /xɤŋ²¹³/
Wuhan /xən³⁵/
Chengdu /xən¹³/
Guiyang /xen²¹³/
Kunming /xə̃²¹²/
Nanjing /xən⁴⁴/
Hefei /xən⁵³/
Jin Taiyuan /xəŋ⁴⁵/ 仇~
/xəŋ⁵³/ ~人
Pingyao /xəŋ⁵³/
/xəŋ³⁵/
Hohhot /xə̃ŋ⁵⁵/
Wu Shanghai /ɦəŋ²³/
Suzhou /ɦən³¹/
Hangzhou /ɦen¹³/
Wenzhou /ɦaŋ²²/
Hui Shexian /xʌ̃²²/
Tunxi /xɛ¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /xən⁵⁵/
Xiangtan /hən⁵⁵/
Gan Nanchang /hɛn²¹/
Hakka Meixian /hen⁵³/
Taoyuan /hen⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /hɐŋ²²/
Nanning /hɐn²²/
Hong Kong /hɐŋ²²/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /hun²²/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /hɔuŋ²⁴²/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /xaiŋ⁴⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /hɯŋ³⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /hun³³/

Rime
Character 恨
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 匣 (33)
Final (韻) 痕 (53)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 胡艮切
Baxter honH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ɦənH/
Pan
Wuyun
/ɦənH/
Shao
Rongfen
/ɣənH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ɦənH/
Li
Rong
/ɣənH/
Wang
Li
/ɣənH/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ɣənH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
hèn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
han6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 恨
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
hèn
Middle
Chinese
‹ honH ›
Old
Chinese
/*[m-q]ˁə[n]-s/
English regret

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 恨
Reading # 1/1
No. 3938
Phonetic
component
艮
Rime
group
文
Rime
subdivision
1
Corresponding
MC rime
恨
Old
Chinese
/*ɡɯːns/

Definitions

恨

  1. to resent; to hate
    可恨  ―  kěhèn  ―  abominable
    我恨死你了!  ―  Wǒ hèn sǐ nǐ le!  ―  I hate you to death!
  2. to regret; to pity
    恨不得  ―  hènbùdé  ―  to wish that one could ("to regret that one may not")
    恨鐵不成鋼/恨铁不成钢  ―  hèntiěbùchénggāng  ―  to pity someone's lack of improvement
    1. (chiefly literary) to pine; to long for; to miss; to suffer from intense desire
  3. hatred; dislike
    抱恨  ―  bàohèn  ―  to be bitterly regretful
    懷恨在心/怀恨在心  ―  huáihènzàixīn  ―  to harbour hatred; to entertain hateful thoughts
  4. (Cantonese) to be eager for something

Synonyms

Compounds

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (恨):
  • → Japanese: 恨(こん) (kon)
  • → Korean: 한(恨) (han)
  • → Vietnamese: hận (恨)

Japanese

Kanji

恨

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

  1. to resent; to hate; be hostile to

Readings

Compounds

Etymology

Kanji in this term
恨
はん
Grade: S
irregular

From Korean 한(恨) (han).

Pronunciation

Noun

恨(ハン) • (han) 

  1. han (resentment as a part of the Korean cultural identity)

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 恨 (MC honH).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448ᅘᅳᆫ〮 (Yale: hhún)
Middle Korean
TextEumhun
Gloss (hun)Reading
Sinjeung Yuhap, 1576애ᄃᆞᆯ (Yale: aytol)ᄒᆞᆫ (Yale: hon)

Pronunciation

  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ha̠(ː)n]
  • Phonetic hangul: [한(ː)]
    • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

Wikisource 恨 (eumhun 한탄할 한 (hantanhal han))

  1. Hanja form? of 한 (“deep-seated resentment”). [noun]
  2. Hanja form? of 한 (“to resent; to hate”). [affix]

Compounds

References

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

恨: Hán Nôm readings: hận, giận, hằn, hờn

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