銀

See also: 银 and 鋃
銀 U+9280, 銀
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9280
← 鉿
[U+927F]
CJK Unified Ideographs 銁 →
[U+9281]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

銀 (Kangxi radical 167, 金+6, 14 strokes, cangjie input 金日女 (CAV), four-corner 87132, composition ⿰釒艮)

Derived characters

  • 檭(𣘴) 𡁬 𢣩 𭨆 𤢲 𧓪 𪇩 𬞵 𢣰

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1303, character 25
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 40355
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1805, character 2
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4202, character 18
  • Unihan data for U+9280

Chinese

trad. 銀
simp. 银
Chemical element
Ag
Previous: 鈀/钯 (bā) (Pd)
Next: 鎘/镉 (gé) (Cd)

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 銀
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *ŋrɯn) : semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 艮 (OC *kɯːns).

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ŋul ~ (d-)ŋur. Cognate with Tibetan དངུལ (dngul), Burmese ငွေ (ngwe).

Pronunciation


Note:
  • ngeng5 - Chaozhou, Shantou, Chenghai;
  • ngêng5 - Jieyang;
  • nging5 - Chaoyang.
    • Wu
      • (Shanghai):
        • Wugniu: 6gnin
        • MiniDict: nyin去
        • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): 3nyin
        • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /n̠ʲin²³/
    • Xiang
      • (Changsha)
        • Wiktionary: in2
        • Sinological IPA (key): /in¹³/

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 銀
Mandarin Beijing /in³⁵/
Harbin /in²⁴/
Tianjin /in⁴⁵/
Jinan /iẽ⁴²/
Qingdao /iə̃⁴²/
Zhengzhou /in⁴²/
Xi'an /iẽ²⁴/
Xining /iə̃²⁴/
Yinchuan /iŋ⁵³/
Lanzhou /ĩn⁵³/
Ürümqi /iŋ⁵¹/
Wuhan /in²¹³/
Chengdu /in³¹/
Guiyang /in²¹/
Kunming /ĩ¹/
Nanjing /in²⁴/
Hefei /in⁵⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /iəŋ¹¹/
Pingyao /ȵiŋ¹³/
Hohhot /ĩŋ³¹/
Wu Shanghai /ȵiŋ²³/
Suzhou /ȵin¹³/
Hangzhou /ȵin²¹³/
Wenzhou /ȵaŋ³¹/
Hui Shexian /niʌ̃⁴⁴/
Tunxi /ȵin⁴⁴/
Xiang Changsha /in¹³/
Xiangtan /ȵin¹²/
Gan Nanchang /ȵin⁴⁵/
Hakka Meixian /ŋiun¹¹/
Taoyuan
Cantonese Guangzhou /ŋɐn²¹/
Nanning /ŋɐn²¹/
Hong Kong /ŋɐn²¹/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /gun³⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /ŋyŋ⁵³/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /ŋœyŋ³³/
Shantou (Teochew) /ŋɯŋ⁵⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /ŋin³¹/

Rime
Character 銀
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 疑 (31)
Final (韻) 眞 (44)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 語巾切
Baxter ngin
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ŋˠiɪn/
Pan
Wuyun
/ŋᵚin/
Shao
Rongfen
/ŋien/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ŋjin/
Li
Rong
/ŋjĕn/
Wang
Li
/ŋǐĕn/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ŋi̯ĕn/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
yín
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
ngan4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 銀
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
yín
Middle
Chinese
‹ ngin ›
Old
Chinese
/*ŋrə[n]/
English silver

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 銀
Reading # 1/1
No. 3939
Phonetic
component
艮
Rime
group
文
Rime
subdivision
1
Corresponding
MC rime
銀
Old
Chinese
/*ŋrɯn/

Definitions

銀

  1. silver
    白銀/白银  ―  báiyín  ―  silver
  2. silvern; made of silver
  3. silvery; silver-colored; lustrous; white; shiny
  4. cash; money; currency
    銀仔/银仔 [Cantonese]  ―  ngan4-2 zai2 [Jyutping]  ―  coins
  5. (Cantonese, Teochew, Hainanese, Zhao'an Hakka) Classifier for money: yuan; dollar; buck
    幾千銀/几千银 [Cantonese]  ―  gei2 cin1 ngan4 [Jyutping]  ―  a few thousand bucks
  6. a surname

Synonyms

Compounds

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (銀):
  • → Japanese: 銀(ぎん) (gin)
  • → Okinawan: 銀(じん) (jin)
  • → Korean: 은(銀) (eun)
  • → Vietnamese: ngân (銀)

Others:

  • → Proto-Hmong-Mien: *ɲʷi̯ən (“silver”)
  • → Lao: ເງິນ (ngœn, “silver, money”)
  • → Thai: เงิน (ngən, “silver, money”)
  • → Vietnamese: ngần (“silvery white; very white”)
  • → Zhuang: ngaenz (“silver, money”)

References

Japanese

Kanji

銀

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

Compounds

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
銀
ぎん
Grade: 3
kan’on
Chemical element
Ag
Previous: パラジウム (parajiumu) (パラジウム (parajiumu)) (Pd)
Next: カドミウム (kadomiumu) (カドミウム (kadomiumu)) (Cd)

From Middle Chinese 銀 (MC ngin). Compare modern Hokkien reading gîn.

Pronunciation

  • (file)

Noun

銀(ぎん) • (gin) 

  1. silver (lustrous, white, metallic element; symbol Ag)
  2. Short for 銀貨 (ginka): a silver coin
  3. Short for 銀色 (gin'iro): silvery, silver-colored
  4. (shogi) Short for 銀将 (ginshō): a silver general
  5. (sports, etc.) Short for 銀メダル (gin medaru): a silver medal
  6. (historical) Short for 丁銀 (chōgin): an Edo-period silver coin in the shape of a sea cucumber
  7. Short for 銀煙管 (gin kiseru): a silver 煙管 (kiseru, “tobacco pipe”)
  8. Short for 銀葉 (gin'yō): a censer
  9. Short for 銀蜻蜓 (gin'yanma): the lesser emperor, Anax parthenope
  10. any other object made of silver
Derived terms

Affix

銀(ぎん) • (gin) 

  1. silver
  2. silvery, silver-colored
  3. (by extension) cash, money
  4. Short for 銀行 (ginkō): bank
Derived terms

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
銀
しろがね
Grade: 3
kun’yomi

Compound of 白 (shiro, “white”) +‎ 金 (kane, “metal”).

Starting from the Muromachi period, the kane changes to gane due to rendaku (連濁).

Pronunciation

  • (Tokyo) しろがね [shìrógáné] (Heiban – [0])
  • IPA(key): [ɕiɾo̞ɡa̠ne̞]

Noun

銀(しろがね) • (shirogane) 

  1. silver (lustrous, white, metallic element)
  2. silvery, silver-colored
    Synonym: 銀色 (gin'iro)
  3. a silver thread
    Synonym: 銀糸 (ginshi)
  4. silver paint or lacquer
    Synonym: 銀泥 (gindei)
  5. a silver coin
    Synonyms: 銀貨 (ginka), 銀子 (ginsu)
Derived terms
See also

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
銀
かね
Grade: 3
nanori
Alternative spellings
金
鉄
銅

From Old Japanese.

See 金 (kane).

Pronunciation

Noun

銀(かね) • (kane) 

  1. a metal
  2. money
Usage notes
  • In former times, silver was the basis for the Japanese economy.
  • In modern Japanese, kane is more commonly spelled using the character for gold: 金.
  • The money sense is more commonly prefixed with お (o-), as in お金 (o-kane).
Derived terms
  • 銀(かね)親(おや) (kaneoya)
  • 銀(かね)替(がえ) (kanegae)
  • 銀(かね)方(かた) (kanekata)
  • 板(いた)銀(がね) (itagane)

References

  1. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 銀 (MC ngin).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448ᅌᅳᆫ (Yale: ngùn)
Middle Korean
TextEumhun
Gloss (hun)Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527은 (Yale: ùn)은 (Yale: ùn)

Pronunciation

Hanja

Wikisource 銀 (eumhun 은 은 (eun eun))

  1. Hanja form? of 은 (“silver; silver-colored”).

Compounds

References

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典.

Okinawan

Kanji

銀

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

  • On (unclassified): じん (jin)

Compounds

Old Japanese

Etymology

Compound of 白 (siro1, “white”) +‎ 金 (kane, “metal”).

Noun

銀 (siro1kane) (kana しろかね)

  1. silver (lustrous, white, metallic element)
    • 711–712, Kojiki, middle volume (Emperor Chūai):
      於是大后歸レ神、言教覺詔者:「西方有レ國、金銀爲レ本、目之炎耀種種珍寶多在レ其-國。吾今歸二賜レ其-國一。」
      At this the Queen Consort was possessed by the gods who revealed to them the following command: “In the west there is a land of many rare and dazzling treasures beginning with gold and silver. I will now bestow it upon you.”[1]
    • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 5, poem 803:
      銀母金母玉母奈爾世武爾麻佐禮留多可良古爾斯迦米夜母
      siro1kane mo kugane mo tama mo nani semu ni masareru takara ko1 ni shikame2 ya mo
      (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Descendants

  • Japanese: 銀 (shirokane → shirogane)

See also

References

  1. Michael I. Como (2008) Shōtoku: Ethnicity, Ritual, and Violence in the Japanese Buddhist Tradition, Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 57

Tày

Han character

銀 (transliteration needed)

  1. Nôm form of dìn.

References

  • Lục Văn Pảo, Hoàng Tuấn Nam (2003) Hoàng Triều Ân, editor, Từ điển chữ Nôm Tày [A Dictionary of (chữ) Nôm Tày]‎ (in Vietnamese), Hanoi: Nhà xuất bản Khoa học Xã hội

Vietnamese

Han character

銀: Hán Nôm readings: ngân

  1. silver; silvery, silver-colored
  2. bank; cash, money, currency
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