閑

See also: 闲, 閒, and 間
閑 U+9591, 閑
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9591
← 閐
[U+9590]
CJK Unified Ideographs 閒 →
[U+9592]

Translingual

Traditional 閒
Simplified 闲
Japanese 閑
Korean 閑

Han character

閑 (Kangxi radical 169, 門+4, 12 strokes, cangjie input 日弓木 (AND), four-corner 77904, composition ⿵門木)

Derived characters

Descendants

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1332, character 2
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 41247
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1837, character 14
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4287, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+9591

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 閑
Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Bronze inscriptions Small seal script

Ideogrammic compound (會意/会意) : 門 (“door”) + 木 (“wood”) – a fence.

Etymology 1

For pronunciation and definitions of 閑 – see 閒 (“not busy; idle; vacant; unoccupied; unused; etc.”).
(This character is a variant traditional form of 閒).

Etymology 2

trad. 閑
simp. 闲*

Related to 闌 (OC *ɡ·raːn, “railing; balustrade”), 欄 (OC *ɡ·raːn, “fence; railing”) and 攔 (OC *ɡ·raːn, “to obstruct”), and perhaps related to 練 (OC *ɡ·reːns, “to train”) (Schuessler, 2007). External comparanda may include Burmese ရန်း (ran:, “to erect railings, barriers”) or Mizo khâr (“to shut; to close; to shut off”) (ibid.).

Pronunciation



Rime
Character 閑
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 匣 (33)
Final (韻) 山 (73)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) II
Fanqie 戸閒切
Baxter hean
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ɦˠɛn/
Pan
Wuyun
/ɦᵚæn/
Shao
Rongfen
/ɣæn/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ɦəɨn/
Li
Rong
/ɣɛn/
Wang
Li
/ɣæn/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ɣăn/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
xián
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
haan4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 閑 閑
Reading # 4/4 3/4
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
xián xián
Middle
Chinese
‹ hɛn › ‹ hɛn ›
Old
Chinese
/*[ɡ]ˁra[n]/ /*[ɡ]ˁra[n]/
English bar, barrier well-trained

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 閑
Reading # 1/1
No. 13531
Phonetic
component
閑
Rime
group
元
Rime
subdivision
2
Corresponding
MC rime
閑
Old
Chinese
/*ɡreːn/

Definitions

閑

  1. † fence; bar; railings
  2. † stable (building for horses)
  3. † rule; law; limit; norm
  4. † to restrict; to restrain
  5. † Alternative form of 嫻/娴 (xián, “to be familiar; to be skilled; to be practised”)
  6. † to block; to guard against
  7. 4th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "barrier" (𝌉)

Compounds

  • 不閑/不闲
  • 心閑/心闲
  • 明媚閑雅/明媚闲雅
  • 熟閑/熟闲
  • 舉止閑冶/举止闲冶
  • 蕩檢踰閑/荡检逾闲
  • 踰閑/逾闲
  • 踰閑蕩檢/逾闲荡检
  • 閑邪存誠/闲邪存诚
  • 閑雅/闲雅
  • 防閑/防闲

Etymology 3

Probably cognate with 介 (OC *kreːds, “to increase; to become great”) and perhaps derived from 嘏 (OC *kraːʔ, “large; great”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation



Rime
Character 閑
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 匣 (33)
Final (韻) 山 (73)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) II
Fanqie 戸閒切
Baxter hean
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ɦˠɛn/
Pan
Wuyun
/ɦᵚæn/
Shao
Rongfen
/ɣæn/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ɦəɨn/
Li
Rong
/ɣɛn/
Wang
Li
/ɣæn/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ɣăn/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
xián
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
haan4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 閑
Reading # 2/4
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
xián
Middle
Chinese
‹ hɛn ›
Old
Chinese
/*[ɡ]ˁra[n]/
English great; large-minded

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 閑
Reading # 1/1
No. 13531
Phonetic
component
閑
Rime
group
元
Rime
subdivision
2
Corresponding
MC rime
閑
Old
Chinese
/*ɡreːn/

Definitions

閑

  1. † large; great

Japanese

Kanji

閑

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
閑
かん
Grade: S
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 閑 (MC hean).

Pronunciation

Affix

閑(かん) • (kan) 

  1. tranquil; calm; quiet
  2. free time; leisure
  3. unimportant; useless

Noun

閑(かん) • (kan) 

  1. free time; leisure

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
閑
ひま
Grade: S
kun’yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 閑 – see the following entry.
【暇ひま】S
[adjective] free; leisure; idle; vacant
[noun] time, free time
[noun] leisure
(This term, 閑, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
閑
のど
Grade: S
kun’yomi
Alternative spelling
和

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [no̞do̞]

Adjective

閑(のど) • (nodo) -na (adnominal 閑(のど)な (nodo na), adverbial 閑(のど)に (nodo ni))

  1. (archaic) tranquil; calm; quiet; peaceful
Inflection

References

  1. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

閑 (eumhun 한가할 한 (han'gahal han))

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

閑: Hán Nôm readings: nhàn, hèn

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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