豈

See also: 岂
豈 U+8C48, 豈
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8C48
← 豇
[U+8C47]
CJK Unified Ideographs 豉 →
[U+8C49]
豈 U+F900, 豈
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F900
[unassigned: U+D7FC–U+F8FF]
← ퟻ
[U+D7FB]
CJK Compatibility Ideographs 更 →
[U+F901]

Translingual

Han character

豈 (Kangxi radical 151, 豆+3, 10 strokes, cangjie input 山一口廿 (UMRT), four-corner 22108, composition ⿱山豆)

Derived characters

References

Chinese

trad. 豈
simp. 岂

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 豈
Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Possibly a variation of 壴 with the top part modified. May have been the original form of 凱 (“music of triumph”).

Pronunciation



Rime
Character 豈
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 溪 (29)
Final (韻) 微 (20)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 袪狶切
Baxter khj+jX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/kʰɨiX/
Pan
Wuyun
/kʰɨiX/
Shao
Rongfen
/kʰiəiX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/kʰɨjX/
Li
Rong
/kʰiəiX/
Wang
Li
/kʰĭəiX/
Bernard
Karlgren
/kʰe̯iX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
qǐ
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
hei2
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 豈
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
qǐ
Middle
Chinese
‹ khj+jX ›
Old
Chinese
/*C.qʰəjʔ/
English how

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 豈
Reading # 2/2
No. 10123
Phonetic
component
豈
Rime
group
微
Rime
subdivision
1
Corresponding
MC rime
豈
Old
Chinese
/*ŋ̊ʰɯlʔ/

Definitions

豈

  1. (literary, rhetorical question) how; how can it be that (used in rhetorical questions)
    Synonyms: 怎麼/怎么, 哪, 難道/难道 (nándào), 莫非 (mòfēi)
    豈有此理/岂有此理  ―  qǐyǒucǐlǐ  ―  how can such an idea stand?
  2. (dated) possibly; perhaps (modal particle indicating tentativeness)

Compounds

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 豈 – see 愷 (“peaceful; harmonious”).
(This character is an obsolete form of 愷).

Etymology 3

For pronunciation and definitions of 豈 – see 凱 (“music of triumph; paean; triumph; victory; etc.”).
(This character is an obsolete form of 凱).

References

Japanese

Kanji

豈

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

  1. an interjection of surprise

Readings

  • On (unclassified): き (ki); がい (gai); かい (kai)
  • Kun: あに (ani)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
豈
あに
Hyōgaiji
kun’yomi

From Old Japanese. Since the Heian period, mostly used in 漢文訓読 (kanbun kundoku).[1][2]

Pronunciation

Adverb

豈(あに) • (ani) 

  1. a rhetorical interrogative: (just) how
  2. expresses a strong denial: not at all, not in the least

Derived terms

References

  1. Shinmura, Izuru, editor (1998), 広辞苑 [Kōjien] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
  2. 2002, Yasuo Kitahara, 明鏡国語辞典 (Meikyō Kokugo Jiten), First Edition (in Japanese), Tokyo: Taishūkan Shoten, →ISBN
  3. Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

豈 (eumhun 어찌 기 (eojji gi))

  1. Hanja form? of 기 (“how, what”).

豈 (eumhun 승전악 개 (seungjeonak gae))

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

豈: Hán Việt readings: khởi

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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