係

See also: 系
係 U+4FC2, 係
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4FC2
← 俁
[U+4FC1]
CJK Unified Ideographs 促 →
[U+4FC3]

Translingual

Japanese 係
Simplified 系
Traditional 係

Han character

係 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+7, 9 strokes, cangjie input 人竹女火 (OHVF), four-corner 22293, composition ⿰亻系)

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 104, character 4
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 663
  • Dae Jaweon: page 220, character 4
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 164, character 8
  • Unihan data for U+4FC2

Chinese

trad. 係
simp. 系*

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 係
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts



References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *keːɡs) : semantic 人 + phonetic 系 (OC *ɡeːɡs).

The simplified form 系 also exists as a traditional character, and is also used to simplify 繫. In ancient times, 系, 係, and 繫 were usually interchangeable graphic variants, although in some compounds, only one form is acceptable (e.g. 世系 and 繋辭/繋辞).

Pronunciation



Rime
Character 係
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 齊 (39)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) IV
Fanqie 古詣切
Baxter kejH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/keiH/
Pan
Wuyun
/keiH/
Shao
Rongfen
/kɛiH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/kɛjH/
Li
Rong
/keiH/
Wang
Li
/kieiH/
Bernard
Karlgren
/kieiH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
jì
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
gai3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 係
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
xì
Middle
Chinese
‹ kejH ›
Old
Chinese
/*kˁek-s/
English tie (v.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 係
Reading # 1/1
No. 13426
Phonetic
component
系
Rime
group
賜
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
計
Old
Chinese
/*keːɡs/

Definitions

係

  1. to relate; to bear on
  2. to tie; to bind
  3. (formal or Cantonese, Hakka) to be (copula)
    其母係北京人。/其母系北京人。  ―  Qí mǔ xì Běijīngrén.  ―  His mother is a native of Beijing.
    烏龍茶係茶嘅一種。 [Guangzhou Cantonese, trad.]
    乌龙茶系茶嘅一种。 [Guangzhou Cantonese, simp.]
    wu1 lung4-2 caa4 hai6 caa4 ge3 jat1 zung2. [Jyutping]
    Oolong tea is a type of tea.
  4. (Cantonese, Hakka) yes (as answer to a question)

Usage notes

  • (Cantonese) Not to be confused with 喺 (hai2).
  • (Cantonese, Hakka) 係/系 is used in vernacular contexts, while 是 (shì) is used in literary or formal contexts.

Synonyms

Compounds

Descendants

  • → Vietnamese: hễ

Japanese

Kanji

係

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

Compounds

Noun

係(かかり) • (kakari) 

  1. person in charge; person responsible

Alternative forms

  • 掛かり (かかり, kakari)

Suffix

係(がかり) • (-gakari) 

  1. person in charge; person responsible
    カメラ係(がかり)
    kamera-gakari
    cameraman
    撮(さつ)影(えい)係(がかり)
    satsuei-gakari
    photographer

Alternative forms

Descendants

Korean

Hanja

係 (eumhun 맬 계 (mael gye))

  1. Hanja form? of 계 (“connection”).

Compounds

Vietnamese

Han character

係: Hán Nôm readings: hệ, hể, hề, hễ

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

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