哭

哭 U+54ED, 哭
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-54ED
← 哬
[U+54EC]
CJK Unified Ideographs 哮 →
[U+54EE]

Translingual

Stroke order
10 strokes

Han character

哭 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+7, 10 strokes, cangjie input 口口戈大 (RRIK), four-corner 66430, composition ⿱吅犬)

  1. Shuowen Jiezi radical №25

Descendants

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 190, character 25
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3658
  • Dae Jaweon: page 410, character 6
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 629, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+54ED

Chinese

simp. and trad.
哭
alternative forms 𠴃
𡘜
哭

Glyph origin

In oracle bone inscriptions, ideogrammic compound (會意/会意) : 吅 (“loudly”) + person with long hair (Similar to 老 without the cane) – "cry; weep". The pictogram of the person with long hair corrupted into 犬. Evidence suggests 吅 could be an abbreviation of the sound component 咢 (OC *ŋaːɡ), making the character phono-semantic (形聲/形声) .

Shuowen Jiezi interprets it as a phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *ŋ̊ʰoːɡ) : semantic 吅 (“to speak loudly”) + abbreviated phonetic 獄 (OC *ŋoɡ).

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *kuːk (“to weep; to wail”); cognate with Mizo kûk (“to shriek”) (STEDT).

This seems to be an area word; compare Proto-Mon-Khmer *kuk ~ kuuk ~ kuək ~ kək (“to call”), Proto-Austronesian *-kuk (“sound of a sob”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation


Note:
  • khàu - vernacular;
  • khok - literary.

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 哭
Mandarin Beijing /kʰu⁵⁵/
Harbin /kʰu⁴⁴/
Tianjin /kʰu²¹/
Jinan /kʰu²¹³/
Qingdao /kʰu⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /kʰu²⁴/
Xi'an /kʰu²¹/
Xining /kʰv̩⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /kʰu¹³/
Lanzhou /kʰu¹³/
Ürümqi /kʰu²¹³/
Wuhan /kʰu²¹³/
Chengdu /kʰu³¹/
Guiyang /kʰu²¹/
Kunming /kʰu³¹/
Nanjing /kʰuʔ⁵/
Hefei /kʰuəʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /kʰuəʔ²/
Pingyao /kʰuʌʔ¹³/
Hohhot /kʰuəʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /kʰoʔ⁵/
Suzhou /kʰoʔ⁵/
Hangzhou /kʰoʔ⁵/
Wenzhou /kʰu²¹³/
Hui Shexian /kʰuʔ²¹/
Tunxi /kʰu⁵/
Xiang Changsha /kʰu²⁴/
Xiangtan /kʰu²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /kʰuʔ⁵/
Hakka Meixian /kʰuk̚¹/
Taoyuan /kʰuk̚²²/
Cantonese Guangzhou /hok̚⁵/
Nanning /huk̚⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /huk̚⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /kʰɔk̚³²/
/kʰau¹/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /kʰouʔ²³/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /kʰu²⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /kʰau²¹³/ 訓讀
Haikou (Hainanese) /xau³⁵/ 訓號

Rime
Character 哭
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 溪 (29)
Final (韻) 屋 (3)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 空谷切
Baxter khuwk
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/kʰuk̚/
Pan
Wuyun
/kʰuk̚/
Shao
Rongfen
/kʰuk̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/kʰəwk̚/
Li
Rong
/kʰuk̚/
Wang
Li
/kʰuk̚/
Bernard
Karlgren
/kʰuk̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
ku
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
huk1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 哭
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
kū
Middle
Chinese
‹ khuwk ›
Old
Chinese
/*[kʰ]ˁok/
English weep

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 哭
Reading # 1/1
No. 16031
Phonetic
component
獄
Rime
group
屋
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
哭
Old
Chinese
/*ŋ̊ʰoːɡ/
Notes 說文獄省聲

Definitions

哭

  1. to weep; to cry; to wail

Synonyms

Compounds

  • 一家哭
  • 一路哭
  • 乾哭/干哭
  • 乾啼濕哭/干啼湿哭
  • 五子哭墳/五子哭坟
  • 代哭
  • 助哭
  • 卒哭
  • 反哭
  • 哀哭 (āikū)
  • 哭主
  • 哭哭啼啼 (kūkutítí)
  • 哭喊
  • 哭喪棒/哭丧棒 (kūsāngbàng)
  • 哭喪棍/哭丧棍
  • 哭喪着臉/哭丧着脸
  • 哭喪臉/哭丧脸
  • 哭喪著臉/哭丧著脸 (kūsāng zhe liǎn)
  • 哭嚎
  • 哭天抹淚/哭天抹泪
  • 哭奠
  • 哭嫁 (kūjià)
  • 哭庭
  • 哭廟/哭庙
  • 哭昭陵
  • 哭枵 (Hokkien)
  • 哭泣 (kūqì)
  • 哭爸 (Min Nan)
  • 哭爸哭母 (Min Nan)
  • 哭牆/哭墙 (Kūqiáng)
  • 哭秦庭
  • 哭窮/哭穷 (kūqióng)
  • 哭窮途/哭穷途
  • 哭竹
  • 哭竹棒
  • 哭笑不得 (kūxiàobùdé)
  • 哭臨/哭临
  • 哭號/哭号
  • 唐衢痛哭
  • 哭訴/哭诉 (kūsù)
  • 哭調/哭调
  • 哭踊
  • 哭雨風/哭雨风
  • 哭靈/哭灵 (kūlíng)
  • 哭鬧/哭闹 (kūnào)
  • 哭鳥/哭鸟
  • 哭鼻子 (kū bízi)
  • 喪哭/丧哭
  • 啼哭 (tíkū)
  • 啼哭郎君
  • 啼啼哭哭
  • 啼天哭地
  • 嚎哭 (háokū)
  • 嚎啕大哭
  • 嚎啕痛哭
  • 大哭 (dàkū)
  • 大哭一場/大哭一场
  • 崩城之哭
  • 巷哭
  • 弔哭/吊哭
  • 悲哭
  • 慟哭/恸哭 (tòngkū)
  • 慟哭流涕/恸哭流涕
  • 懸壺代哭/悬壶代哭
  • 抱頭大哭/抱头大哭
  • 抱頭痛哭/抱头痛哭 (bàotóutòngkū)
  • 撫哭/抚哭
  • 撫尸慟哭/抚尸恸哭
  • 放聲大哭/放声大哭 (fàngshēng dà kū)
  • 晝吟宵哭/昼吟宵哭
  • 楊朱哭/杨朱哭
  • 欲哭無淚/欲哭无泪 (yùkūwúlèi)
  • 歌哭
  • 歎哭/叹哭
  • 止哭
  • 歸哭/归哭
  • 死爹哭媽/死爹哭妈
  • 泣哭
  • 潑哭潑鬧/泼哭泼闹
  • 濕哭乾啼/湿哭干啼
  • 牛衣夜哭
  • 狼號鬼哭/狼号鬼哭
  • 生哭人
  • 痛哭 (tòngkū)
  • 痛哭失聲/痛哭失声
  • 痛哭流涕 (tòngkūliútì)
  • 神嚎鬼哭
  • 神愁鬼哭
  • 神母夜哭
  • 神號鬼哭/神号鬼哭
  • 秦庭之哭
  • 窮途之哭/穷途之哭
  • 節哭/节哭
  • 絕哭/绝哭
  • 號咷痛哭/号咷痛哭
  • 號哭/号哭 (háokū)
  • 號啕大哭/号啕大哭
  • 號啕痛哭/号啕痛哭
  • 號天哭地/号天哭地
  • 號天大哭/号天大哭
  • 行哭
  • 行號巷哭/行号巷哭
  • 街號巷哭/街号巷哭
  • 袒哭
  • 西台痛哭
  • 西臺痛哭/西台痛哭
  • 見哭興悲/见哭兴悲
  • 貓哭老鼠/猫哭老鼠
  • 貓哭耗子/猫哭耗子
  • 送哭
  • 邪哭
  • 野祭巷哭
  • 長哭/长哭
  • 長歌當哭/长歌当哭 (chánggēdàngkū)
  • 陪哭
  • 驚哭/惊哭
  • 鬼哭天愁
  • 鬼哭狼嗥 (guǐkūlángháo)
  • 鬼哭狼嚎 (guǐkūlángháo)
  • 鬼哭狼號/鬼哭狼号
  • 鬼哭神嚎
  • 鬼哭神愁
  • 鬼哭神號/鬼哭神号
  • 鬼哭神驚/鬼哭神惊
  • 鬼哭粟飛/鬼哭粟飞
  • 鬼夜哭
  • 鳥哭猿啼/鸟哭猿啼

Descendants

  • → Vietnamese: khóc (哭, 泣)

References

Japanese

Kanji

哭

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

  1. to cry; to wail

Readings

Compounds

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 哭 (MC khuwk).

Historical readings

Pronunciation

Hanja

Wikisource 哭 (eumhun 울 곡 (ul gok))

  1. Hanja form? of 곡 (“cry”).

Compounds

References

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

哭: Hán Nôm readings: khốc, khóc

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