夥

See also: 伙
夥 U+5925, 夥
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5925
← 夤
[U+5924] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 夦 →
[U+5926]

Translingual

Han character

夥 (Kangxi radical 36, 夕+11, 14 strokes, cangjie input 田木弓戈弓 (WDNIN), four-corner 67927, composition ⿰果多)

References
  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 247, character 22
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5808
  • Dae Jaweon: page 492, character 13
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 865, character 8
  • Unihan data for U+5925

Chinese

Glyph origin
Characters in the same phonetic series (果) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
裸 *ɡ·roːlʔ
躶 *ɡ·roːlʔ
果 *kloːlʔ
菓 *kloːlʔ
猓 *kloːlʔ
輠 *kloːlʔ, *ɡloːlʔ, *ɡroːlʔ, *kʰluːls
裹 *kloːlʔ, *kloːls
蜾 *kloːlʔ
惈 *kloːlʔ
粿 *kloːlʔ
窠 *kʰloːl
稞 *kʰloːl, *ɡroːlʔ
課 *kʰloːl, *kʰloːls
髁 *kʰloːl, *kʰloːls, *kʰroːlʔ
棵 *kʰloːl, *kʰloːnʔ, *ɡloːnʔ
顆 *kʰloːlʔ
堁 *kʰloːlʔ, *kʰloːls, *kloːns
敤 *kʰloːlʔ, *kʰloːls
夥 *qʰloːlʔ, *ɡloːlʔ, *ɡroːlʔ
婐 *qloːlʔ, *kroːl
踝 *ɡroːlʔ
祼 *ɡluːlʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰloːlʔ, *ɡloːlʔ, *ɡroːlʔ) : phonetic 果 (OC *kloːlʔ) + semantic 多.

Etymology 1
trad. 夥
simp. 伙*/夥

According to Fangyan, 夥, which means "many" or "much", was a dialectal expression found in rural Qi and Song and around the border between Chu and Wei (齊宋之郊、楚魏之際曰夥).

Pronunciation

Note:
  • hóⁿ - literary;
  • hér/hé/hóe - vernacular.
Rime
Character 夥
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 匣 (33)
Final (韻) 戈 (95)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) I
Fanqie 胡果切
Baxter hwaX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ɦuɑX/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ɦuɑX/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ɣuɑX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ɦwaX/
Li
Rong		 /ɣuɑX/
Wang
Li		 /ɣuɑX/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ɣuɑX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 huò
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 wo6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 夥
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 huǒ
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ hwaX ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[ɡʷˁ]ajʔ/
English many, much [not pre-Qin]

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 夥 夥 夥
Reading # 1/3 2/3 3/3
No. 4788 4789 4797
Phonetic
component		 果 果 果
Rime
group		 歌 歌 歌
Rime
subdivision		 3 3 3
Corresponding
MC rime		 火 禍 夥
Old
Chinese		 /*qʰloːlʔ/ /*ɡloːlʔ/ /*ɡroːlʔ/
Notes 火（夥）別體 說文果在右

Definitions

夥

  1. many; much; a lot of; numerous
  2. (alt. form 伙) companion; partner; assistant

Compounds

Usage notes

In Simplified Chinese, this character should be written as 夥 rather than simplified as 伙 when used to express "many" or "much".

Etymology 2
simp. and trad.
 夥

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 夥
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 匣 (33)
Final (韻) 佳 (32)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) II
Fanqie 懷𠁥切
Baxter hweaX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ɦˠuɛX/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ɦʷᵚæX/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ɣuæiX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ɦwaɨjX/
Li
Rong		 /ɣuɛX/
Wang
Li		 /ɣwaiX/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ɣwaiX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 huà
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 waai6

Definitions

夥

  1. Only used in 夥頤／伙颐.

Japanese

Kanji
夥

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

  1. immense
  2. tremendous

Readings
  • Go-on: わ (wa)
  • Kan-on: か (ka)
  • Kun: おびただしい (obitadashii, 夥しい)

Korean

Hanja

夥 (eumhun 많을 과 (maneul gwa))
夥 (eumhun 많을 화 (maneul hwa))

  1. Hanja form? of 과.
  2. Hanja form? of 화.

Vietnamese

Han character

夥: Hán Nôm readings: lõa/loã, hỏa/hoả, khỏa/khoả

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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