屎

屎 U+5C4E, 屎
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5C4E
← 屍
[U+5C4D]
CJK Unified Ideographs 屏 →
[U+5C4F]

Translingual

Han character

屎 (Kangxi radical 44, 尸+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 尸火木 (SFD), four-corner 77294, composition ⿸尸米)

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 301, character 25
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7689
  • Dae Jaweon: page 598, character 15
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 973, character 6
  • Unihan data for U+5C4E

Chinese

trad. 屎
simp. # 屎
alternative forms
 
𦳊
宩
𡱁
𡲑
𡲔
𦳊
宩
𡱁
𡲑
𡲔
𡲖
𥺶
𥻐

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 屎
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Small seal script

Ideogrammic compound (會意/会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *hliʔ, *hri) : phonetic 尸 (OC *hli, “body”) + semantic 米 (“rice”). The 米 component was originally three (, representing 小, as seen in ), four (, representing 少) or five dots (as seen in ) forming a ideogrammic representation of faeces in the oracle bone script, with four dots being the most common variant, thus representing a man defecating with faeces coming out of the backside. The Shang dynasty variants saw the 尸 ("body") component interchangeable with 人 ("human"); later, by the Western Zhou dynasty, 尸 variants with four dots became the dominant and sole-surviving form, however examples from this time period also exist where the 尸 component is mistaken for 尾 ("tail"), as seen in . During the Warring States period, the 少 component became corrupted[1] into 米.

Shuowen Jiezi does not feature the 屎 character, however it does contain 𦳊 and 𡕝. 𦳊 is listed in Shuowen as deriving from 艸 ("grass") and 胃 ("stomach"), while 𡲴 is listed as the ancient form of 徙 (“migration”), however in reality this is not the case; 𡲴 is an erroneous form of the 屎 variant containing 尾, where the tail portion of the 尾 component is mistakenly written as 火. During the Zhou dynasty, 屎 was often used as a phonetic borrowing for 徙 (OC *selʔ); moreover, during the Warring States period, the Chu script character for 徙 consisted of 屎 with an additional 辵 (modern radical form 辶) added[1] to represent the meaning of walking.

Following transition to the clerical script, a variety of alternative forms emerged:

  • The 米 component was replaced with phonetic component 矢 (OC *hliʔ) thus creating the variant form 𡱁;
  • Some variants added another 米 radical to create 𥻐 and 𥺶;
  • Existing variants containing the 尾 component became 𡲔 and 𡱵;
  • The body portion of 𡲴 also became further corrupted into 夂 (zhǐ), creating 𡕝;
  • The tail portion of 尾-based variants became corrupted into 巛, creating 𡲑;
  • The 尸 component corrupted into 广, creating 𢈍;
  • Even the variant form 𢈍 became corrupted, where the 广 was simplified into 宀, creating 宩.

All of these variant forms failed to gain widespread usage, and eventually faded into obscurity while 屎 remained the dominant character variant.

Etymology 1

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *kləj (“excrement”).

Pronunciation


Note:
  • sái - vernacular;
  • sí/sír/sú - literary.
    • Wu
      • (Shanghai)
        • Wugniu: 5sy; 5u
        • MiniDict: sy去; u去
        • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): 2sr; 2u
        • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /sz̩³⁴/, /u³⁴/
      • (Suzhou)
        • Wugniu: 3sy
        • MiniDict: sy上
        • Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /sz̩⁵¹/
    Note: 5u - see 惡.
    • Xiang
      • (Changsha)
        • Wiktionary: shr3
        • Sinological IPA (key) (old-style): /ʂʐ̩⁴¹/
        • Sinological IPA (key) (new-style): /sz̩⁴¹/

Rime
Character 屎
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 書 (26)
Final (韻) 脂 (17)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 式視切
Baxter syijX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ɕˠiɪX/
Pan
Wuyun
/ɕᵚiX/
Shao
Rongfen
/ɕiɪX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ɕjiX/
Li
Rong
/ɕjiX/
Wang
Li
/ɕiX/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ɕiX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
shǐ
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
si2
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 屎
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
shǐ
Middle
Chinese
‹ syijX ›
Old
Chinese
/*[qʰ]ijʔ/
English excrement

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 屎
Reading # 1/2
No. 11399
Phonetic
component
尸
Rime
group
脂
Rime
subdivision
2
Corresponding
MC rime
矢
Old
Chinese
/*hliʔ/

Definitions

屎

  1. excrement; poop (Classifier: 坨 m; 篤/笃 c; 坺 c; 箍 mn)
  2. secretion from the body; tear, earwax, snot, etc.
  3. residue; waste; debris
  4. (vulgar) worthless; useless; despicable
  5. (vulgar) useless thing
  6. (Cantonese) bad; poor; of inferior quality
    我啲英文講得好屎。 [Cantonese, trad.]
    我啲英文讲得好屎。 [Cantonese, simp.]
    ngo5 di1 jing1 man4-2 gong2 dak1 hou2 si2. [Jyutping]
    I speak terrible English.
Synonyms
  • (excrement):

Compounds

Etymology 2

This is a 破讀/破读 (pòdú, “isolated instance of unusual pronunciation”) found in 詩經.

Pronunciation



Rime
Character 屎
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 曉 (32)
Final (韻) 脂 (15)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 喜夷切
Baxter xjij
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/hiɪ/
Pan
Wuyun
/hi/
Shao
Rongfen
/xjɪ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/hi/
Li
Rong
/xi/
Wang
Li
/xi/
Bernard
Karlgren
/xi/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
xī
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
hei1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 屎
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
xī
Middle
Chinese
‹ xjij ›
Old
Chinese
/*[qʰ]ij/ (dialect: *qʰ- > *x-, no palatalization)
English moan

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 屎
Reading # 2/2
No. 11401
Phonetic
component
尸
Rime
group
脂
Rime
subdivision
2
Corresponding
MC rime
咦
Old
Chinese
/*hri/

Definitions

屎

  1. † Only used in 殿屎 (“to groan”).

References

  1. Li Shoukui (李守奎) (2015 April) ““屎”與“徙之古文”考 [On the ancient glyphs of “屎” and “徙”]”, in 出土文獻‎, volume 6, Tsinghua University, archived from the original on 11 January 2021, pages 154-162

Japanese

Kanji

屎

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

  1. excrement, feces, poop

Readings

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
屎
くそ
Hyōgaiji
kun’yomi
Alternative spelling
糞

⟨kuso1⟩ → /kuso/

From Old Japanese,[1] from Proto-Japonic *kusau. Cognate with 臭い (kusai, “stinky, smelly”), 腐る (kusaru, “to rot, to become stinky”).[2]

Pronunciation

Noun

屎(くそ) • (kuso) 

  1. (colloquial) feces, excrement
Derived terms
Idioms

Interjection

屎(くそ) • (kuso) 

  1. (swear word) shit
Usage notes

This is not considered as profane as the English glosses. For instance, a child of five using the Japanese interjection kuso would be unremarkable, whereas it would be very socially inappropriate for a child of five to use the English interjection shit.

Prefix

屎(くそ) • (kuso-) 

  1. A derogatory prefix.
    屎(くそ)爺(じじ)い
    kusojijī
    crappy old man

Suffix

屎(くそ) • (-kuso) 

  1. A derogatory emphasizing suffix.
    下手(へた)屎(くそ)
    hetakuso
    crappy bad at something; to be shit at doing something
    襤褸(ぼろ)屎(くそ)
    borokuso
    broken down for shit, raggedy-ass

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
屎
ばば
Hyōgaiji
kun’yomi
Alternative spelling
糞

Appears to derive from baby talk.[2][3] Compare English poopoo and Mandarin 㞎㞎 (bǎba).

Pronunciation

Noun

屎(ばば) • (baba) 

  1. (children's word): poopoo, poop, dookie
  2. (children's word): something unclean
Idioms

References

  1. Frellesvig, Bjarke, Stephen Wright Horn, et al. (eds.) (2023) “Old Japanese kuswo”, in Oxford-NINJAL Corpus of Old Japanese‎
  2. Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  3. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  4. NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

屎 (eumhun 똥 시 (ttong si))

  1. Hanja form? of 시 (“feces, excrement”).

屎 (eumhun 끙끙거릴 히 (kkeungkkeunggeoril hi))

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

屎: Hán Nôm readings: thỉ, xái

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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