日居月諸

Chinese
sun modal particle moon modal particle
trad. (日居月諸) 日 居 月 諸
simp. (日居月诸) 日 居 月 诸

Etymology

From Shijing, Odes Of Bei, "Sun and Moon":

日居月諸、照臨下土。
乃如之人兮、逝不古處。
胡能有定、寧不我顧。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
日居月诸、照临下土。
乃如之人兮、逝不古处。
胡能有定、宁不我顾。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]
From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
Rìjīyuèzhū, zhàolín xiàtǔ.
Nǎirú zhī rén xī, shì bù gǔchù.
Hú néng yǒu dìng, nìng bù wǒ gù. [Pinyin]
O sun; O moon, which enlighten this lower earth!
Here is the man, who treats me not according to the ancient rule.
How can he get his mind settled? Would he then not regard me?

Pronunciation

  • Mandarin
    (Pinyin): rì jī yuè zhū, rì jū yuè zhū
    (Zhuyin): ㄖˋ ㄐㄧ ㄩㄝˋ ㄓㄨ, ㄖˋ ㄐㄩ ㄩㄝˋ ㄓㄨ
  • Cantonese (Jyutping): jat6 gei1 jyut6 zyu1, jat6 geoi1 jyut6 zyu1
Rime
Character 日 居 月 諸
Reading # 1/1 1/2 1/1 1/2
Initial (聲) 日 (38) 見 (28) 疑 (31) 章 (23)
Final (韻) 眞 (48) 之 (19) 元 (68) 魚 (22)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø) Level (Ø) Checked (Ø) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open Open Closed Open
Division (等) III III III III
Fanqie 人質切 居之切 魚厥切 章魚切
Baxter nyit ki ngjwot tsyo
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ȵiɪt̚/ /kɨ/ /ŋʉɐt̚/ /t͡ɕɨʌ/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ȵit̚/ /kɨ/ /ŋʷiɐt̚/ /t͡ɕiɔ/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ȵʑjet̚/ /kie/ /ŋiuɐt̚/ /t͡ɕiɔ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ȵit̚/ /kɨ/ /ŋuat̚/ /cɨə̆/
Li
Rong		 /ȵiĕt̚/ /kiə/ /ŋiuɐt̚/ /t͡ɕiɔ/
Wang
Li		 /ȵʑĭĕt̚/ /kĭə/ /ŋĭwɐt̚/ /t͡ɕĭo/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ȵʑi̯ĕt̚/ /ki/ /ŋi̯wɐt̚/ /t͡ɕi̯wo/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 rì jī yuè zhū
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 jat6 gei1 jyut6 zyu1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 日 居 月 諸
Reading # 1/1 2/3 1/1 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 rì jū yuè zhū
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ nyit › ‹ kjo › ‹ ngjwot › ‹ tsyo ›
Old
Chinese		 /*C.nik/ /*ka/ /*[ŋ]ʷat/ /*ta/
English sun; day final particle moon, month many

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 日 居 月 諸 諸
Reading # 1/1 1/2 1/1 1/2 2/2
No. 10845 4209 16319 16959 17000
Phonetic
component		 日 古 月 者 者
Rime
group		 質 之 月 魚 魚
Rime
subdivision		 2 0 3 0 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 日 姬 月 遮 諸
Old
Chinese		 /*njiɡ/ /*kɯ/ /*ŋod/ /*tjaː/ /*tja/

Idiom

日居月諸

  1. (literary) time flies quickly, time is inexorable

See also
  • 居諸／居诸 (jīzhū)
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